676 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. I Vol 40 



under the proper conditions. It is necessary to use good flavored, sweet butter 

 and fresh nonrancid powder. 



The use of 2 per cent additional milk solids in the form of skim milk powder 

 added at the rate of 1 lb. of such milk powder to 10 gal. of ice cream mix im- 

 proved the ice cream, produced 5 per cent additional swell, and retarded crys- 

 tallization of the ice cream. 



The emulsification of ice cream mixes prevented to a great extent the churn- 

 ing of the mix during the process of freezing. None of the emulsified mixes, 

 either from the centrifugal or from the steam emulslflers, chinned as easily 

 in the freezer under similar conditions as mixes not emulsified. 



VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



Pathological technique, F. B. Mai.i.oky and J. II. WaiQHT (Philadelphia and 

 London: W. B. Bounder* Co., 7. ed., rev. and enl., 1918, i>/>. 555, i>(x. 8, figs. 

 lGit). — This is the seventh revised and enlarged edition of tin- work previously 

 noted (E. S. It., 2i», p. 276). The Bubjed matter has been rearranged, and 

 several new procedures have been introduced. 



Annual report of the chief veterinary officer for the year 1917, S. Stock- 

 man (lid. Ayr. and Fisheries [London], Ann. Rpt. Chief Vet. Off.. 1911, pp. 7). — 

 This, the usual animal report (B, S. K., 39, p. 3S7), deals with the occurrence 

 of hog cholera, glanders, anthrax, sheep scab, and parasitic mange of hoi 



Annual report on the Punjab Veterinary College, civil veterinary depart- 

 ment, Punjab, and the Government Cattle Farm, Hissar. for the year 

 1917-18, H. T. Pease, J. Fabmeb, and R. Bbantobd {Ann. Rpt. Punjab Vet. 

 Col. and Civ. Vet. l>(],t., VJ11-1S, pp. I II +2+IS+XY1I).— The usual annual 

 report (B. s. It.. 38, p. 482). 



The function of fats in immune processes. — II. Pneumococcus and strepto- 

 coccus immunity, C. 0. WAHM N [Jour. hunt. l>is<<i<<s. .!) [1919), No. ■'>. pp. 

 289-296).— Tins paper, which is a continuation of earlier work (B. S. EL, 40, 

 p. 380), deals with the quantity of antibody produced in rabbits from inocula- 

 tions with the pneumocOCCUS and streptococcus fat antigens and the amount of 

 protection afforded against the organisms. 



To test the hypothesis that the antibodies derived From active Immunisation 

 with bacteria might depend on the protein fraction of the antigen for enduring 

 and protective qualities and on the fat fraction for specificity, experiments 

 upon rabbits were conducted in which the specific fat antigen of the pneumococ- 

 cus was grafted with the protein derived from defatted typhoid bacilli. The pro 

 tective value of the pneumocOCCUS antigen was in no way increased. This is 

 thought to indicate that protein immunization and specific cell immunization 

 may be two quite distinct processes. "With the protein immune process occur 

 the factors of sensitization, toxicity, specificity for type "lily and not for spedeS, 

 while with fat immunisation there is no sensitizaton and no toxicity but marked 

 species specificity." 



Further experiments with the pneumocOCCUS fat antigen art" reported in 

 which (1) the sodium salts of the fatty acids of the antigen were replaced by 

 lithium salts and (2i the cholesterol esters Were u<o,l in place of the fat. The 

 antibody induced by the cholesterol colloidal antigen was found to afford 

 greater protection to the rabbits than those consisting of the sodium and lithium 

 esters. It is thought that the more stable in physicochemlcal characters the 

 antigenic fats, the more stable and protective the antibody engendered. 



Tests with fats of combined strains of streptococci obtained as in the case 

 of the pneumococcus antigen (E. S. B., 39, p. 80) are reported which show that 



