860 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [ v.. 1.40 



Two parasites were reared by the author from the puparia of P. caluptrata, 

 namely, Opius quebeccnsis and Ducnusa scaptonn/:a\ and Trichogramma minuta 

 from the eggs. 



An hereditary tumor in the fruit fly. Drosophila. M. B. Stark (Jour. 

 Cancer Research, 3 (1D18), No. 3, pp. 219-300. pi. 1, figs. 2).— This is a report 

 of studies of a lethal tumor arising In embryonic cells near the posterior end 

 of the larva of DrotophUa melanogaster iampclophila). 



On a parasitic Drosophila from Trinidad, C. G. Lamb (Bui. But. Research. 

 9 (1918), No. 2, pp. 157-162, fig*. 4). — Drosophila pnnnlo.ra. which is parasitic 

 on a cercopid of the genua Clastoptera found attacking cacao trees la Trinidad, 

 is described as new. 



A short summary of our knowledge of the frit fly, .7. B. i'<>iiin {Ann. 

 Appl. Biol., 5 (1918), A-/. ..', pp. 81-96).— A brief reference to tbe extensive 

 damage to grains by this pest in northern and central Europe is followed by 

 an account of its occurrence in Great Britain, its biology, natural enemies, 

 and control measures. The species is a source of considerable Injury in the 

 whole south of England and it has been, recorded aa doing damage In Ireland 

 and Scotland. 



A list of 83 references to the literature is given. 



The mechanism of evolution in Leptinotarsa. W. L. ToWKB (f'anic'iic /iivl. 

 Washington Pub. t69 {1918), pp. VIII+384, pit. i:>. /If* 16D.—A detailed re- 

 port of investigations conducted by the author over an extended period. The 

 Relation of Water to the Behavior of the Potato Beetle In a Desert, by J. K. 

 Breitenbecher, is given in an appendix (pp. :;»1 884), which includes a 

 bibliography. 



Influence of Cerotoma trifurcata on the nitrogen-gathering functions of 

 the cowpea, L. T. LdBORABD and OL F. Tiknkk (J OUT. Atm-r. Sue. Aaron., 10 

 (1918), No. 6, pp. 256-261, pi l). — Experimental work conducted by the Bureau 

 of Entomology, l*. s. Department of Agriculture, at Arlington, Ya., during 



1914 and 1915, and at Greenwood and Grenada, Miss., during 1916, Is described, 

 in which observations were made of the effect of the bean leaf beetle ( C. trifur- 

 cuta) upon cow peas. Danger of extensive damage from the beetles or their 

 larva- in the vicinity of Washington, D. C, was found to he Blight Injury to 

 the nitrogen-fixing functions of the cowpea plant may In- caused by the larva* 

 without superficial indications except for the presence of the beetles and leaf 

 injury. The damage is said to range from practically nothing to the entire 

 destruction of the plant, while the injury to the nitrogen content ol the cowpea 

 roots was found to be roughly promotional to the number of larvae present. 



Time of planting and preseason conditions are deemed important factors in 

 lessening the extent of damage. Planting between May 1 and 15 is recom- 

 mended for the latitude of Greenwood. Crop rotation, fall plowing, and clean 

 culture are also expected to prove beneficial. 



Injury to casuarina trees in southern Florida by the mangrove borer, 

 T. E. Knydk.u {Jour. Ayr. l^scnnh [I . .S'.l, 16 {1919), No. 6. pp. 155-163, pis. 

 ■i. fitis. 2). — This is a report of studies of Chrysobot litis tninqut ■Imrica, by an 

 agent of the Bureau of Entomology of the U. 8. Department of agriculture, 

 conducted on the east coast of southern Florida where Casuorlna equUottfoMa 

 trees, known as casuarina or "Australian pine," have been and are being 

 planted for shade and ornament alont; roads and avenues, on reclaimed swamp 

 land, on golf courses, along the seashore, and as windbreaks for fruit tn 



The Investigations by the author led to the discovery that this bupreatld is a 

 common and destructive enemy of the red mangrove {RhlMOphOTO MMftftf), 

 found in swamps along the coast, from which It spreads to Lnfesl oasuarinas, 



