191!)] AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. 895 



Agricultural Preparedness and Food Conaervatloo : A study in Thrift, by a. ii. 

 Chamberlain (pp. 151-161) ; and War Measuri B tlonal i 



tions, byO. K. Van His,, (pp. 293 296. 1 



Among thf papers dealing with borne economics were the tollowu 

 Normal Sc-ii...i!s and Hie Demand tor Education in tin- Eousebold Arts, by M 

 Barnum (pp. 305-899), giving aotes on tin- development in the household arts 

 departments of normal schools in this country, especially in California; Train- 

 ing of Girls and Women for Trade and Industry, by M. 8. Woolmaa (pp. 4! 

 438) ; Extension of the Field of Home Economics in the School curriculum, by 

 A. Ravenhlll (pp. 43S— 443), in which tin- author offers sn i rtend- 



Ing the field of home economics in the school curriculum. It Is claimed that home 

 economics more than any other subject in the educational program links school 

 precept with homo practice. "To utilize It, however, for this purpose two read- 

 justments in conventional usage arc necessary. Boys must no longer !"• 

 barred from their share in training for home duties, or as factors In parental 

 obligations, as agents in industrial efficiency and civic service. Neither can the 

 subject be isolated from the rest of the school program and too often confined 

 to a proportion only of the girls, and then for a relatively shorl period of school 

 life. That both these readjustments can be made and that the ends can be 

 gained is demonstrated by the practical experience of 12 or 14 years In tun or 

 three districts in Great Britain." The Betterment of Homes in Urban Commu- 

 nities Through Extension Work in Home Economics, by M. F. Rausch (pp. 1(58- 

 472), which considers the problems of the home and the role of the extension 

 worker in their betterment. 



The two papers presented at the meeting of the department of rural and agri- 

 cultural education were The Rural People a Strong Factor in Rural Educa- 

 tional Problems, by W. II. Campbell (pp. 600-602), In which the author con- 

 tends that the rural school should be controlled by the rural people tor ■ 

 welfare of rural life, and should be taught by teachers educated in rural en- 

 vironments and in sympathy with country life; Results Achieved in Secondary 

 Agriculture and Methods Pursued in Actual Practice, by H. N. Goddard 

 613). In the latter a brief summary of progress in secondary agricultural in- 

 struction Is followed by a discussion of two rather diverse viewpoints that h 

 developed as to the ends to be attained by such Instruction. The first kx 

 upon agriculture as an informational or purely cultural subject, designed to 

 furnish a practical body of subject matter which can be utilized as valuable 

 information and also as a means of vitalizing school work, especially I 

 science subjects. The other viewpoint looks upon agriculture as an industrial 

 or vocational subject in which the project. Involving actual farm practice under 

 as natural conditions as possible, furnishes the central and most 

 feature about which class instruction, laboratory ex. rcia S, and field work may 

 be organized. With reference to special schools of agriculture, the author be- 

 lieves that while several types of such schools of a distinctly mal nature 

 have sprung up in the country and are doing more or less valuable work, 

 theless the tendency of the whole country has turned more and more to the high 

 schools as the agency for providing the best kind of mal training. At- 

 tention is called to two plans that have been developed iii the high BCl 

 first, in operation in Michigan, Wisconsin, ML , and a number of ..; 

 States, organizes the vocational in close connection with the general I 

 giving approximately one-fourth of the I 'he vocational subjei t and thn 

 fourths to the academic or general subjects. The second plan requires thai 

 distinct vocational department must be maintained in which pupils take all • 

 work of their course and in which the vocational aim must b 



