82 



EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



" Tuberculosis of the udder can be detected with great accuracy by a combina- 

 tion of veterinary inspection of the cows and of bacteriological examination 

 of the milk obtained from udders showing signs of disease, more specially en- 

 largement and Induration. It is unfortunately impossible for the most ex- 

 perienced veterinary surgeon to distinguish, by inspection and palpation, tuber- 

 culous mastitis from all other forms of mastitis. It is also practically impos- 

 sible of the veterinary surgeon, unaided, to discover by ordinary inspection 

 early tuberculous lesions of the udder. The Manchester records show that out 

 of 940 udders which veterinary surgeons of exceptional experience and ability 

 thought might possibly be affected with tuberculosis, only 242 were proved by 

 bacteriological examination actually to be tuberculous. . . . 



" One of the facts brought out by the work done in Manchester requires some 

 consideration. Some farmers who supplied tuberculous milk to Manchester 

 have, after this had been discovered, ceased sending their milk to the town, 

 and now send it elsewhere or use it to make cheese. Occurrences of this kind 

 indicate the necessity of strict control of the milk su]:)ply of every district. So 

 long as the presence of tuberculous cows, and more specially of aged tuberculous 

 cows, is tolerated in our herds, a certain amount of tuberculous infection of the 

 milk suppl.v is inevitable. The elimination of cows with tuberculous udders 

 undoubtedly removes the most material and dangerous source of infection, but 

 it is only after the milk has become infectious that these cows are detected. 

 Frequent inspection is therefore indicated under the present system of control." 



The vitality of typhoid bacilli in milk and butter, H. J. Washburn ( U. S. 

 Dept. Affi:, Bur. Aiiini. Indus. Rpt. 190S, pi). 297-300). — By tracing the causes 

 of typhoid cases occurring in the District of Columbia it was found that 11 per 

 cent in the year 1906 owed their origin to infected milk ; in 1907 about 9 per 

 cent and in 1908 about 10 per cent were due to the same cause. Experiments 

 are reported which show that typhoid bacilli will retain their vitality in butter 

 for 151 days. In milk they all disappeared at the end of 43 days. 



The economic and sanitary supervision of city milk supplies, ;m. N. Baker 

 (Bur. of the Censiis \r. N.], Spec. Rpts.. Stath. of Cities 1907. pp. SG-.'/o, .',-'i9- 

 451). — This report contains information regarding the milk ordinances of 158 

 cities in the United States during the year 1907, 



Aluminum milk cans, J. H. Monrad (N. Y. Produce Rev. and Amer. Cream., 

 29 {1910), A'o. 20, p. J.'/O, figs. 2). — A description and discussion of a nonrusting 

 milk can recently put on the market in Denmark, made from aluminum plates 

 welded together by a patented process and inserted into the lower part of a 

 jacket made of galvanized steel plate. The price is about double that of a 

 tinned steel can. 



More about paper bottles, L. B. Allyn (Milk Man, 3 {1910), No. 1, p. 9). — 

 Several tests are reported in which single-service paper milk bottles were 

 compared with glass bottles. Milk kept in glass bottles at a temperature of 

 65° F. was found to increase in acidity faster than that in paper bottles kept 

 at the same temperature. Samples of market milk kept at different tempera- 

 tures gave the following results as to the increase of bacteria : 



Increase of Mcteria in glass and in paper bottles at different temperatures. 



