DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 81 



By the use of a new method, doseribed by the authors, it has been found that 

 the <listribution of the leucocyles after centrifnghig, varied greatly in different 

 milks, although it was approxiniafely the same in different samples of the 

 same milk, l^sually more tlian half of the total number are i»reseut in the 

 cream, one-fourtli or less in the pi'ecipitated slime, and tlie remainder in the 

 skim milk. A series of tests sliowed that a much larger number of leucocytes 

 were normally present than has been supposed. The average number present 

 in the samples examined was approximately l,r)00,0()0 per cubic centimeter. 



The influence of nieteorolog'ical factors on the constituents of milk of 

 Siberian cows, J. .Jefremov and A. A. Kalantar {Tnului SeJi^k. Klioz. Met., 

 J909, Xo. ■'). I, pp. 36-Ji3). — Observations are described whicli, in the opinion 

 of Jefremov, seem to indicate the direct influence of tlie meteorological factors 

 on the composition of the milk. According to this author, a dry and hot sum- 

 mer will give a milk with a liiglier fat content than a cold and wet summer. 



Kalantar questions tlie correctness of the interpretation of most of the 

 observations by Jefremov and qualifledly admits a connection l)etween the 

 temperature and the (luality of the nulk in only two cases. 



The influence of yohimbine on milk production in cows and sheep, Krona- 

 CHER {Berlin. TienlrzU. Wchnschr., 26 {1910), No. 11, pp. 2Jf5-2Jt8, chaHs, 

 3). — In experiments with G cows and 2 sheep previous experiences with 

 yohimbine were confii'med. It increased the flow of milli, yet its effect was 

 more or less temporary and it can not be recommended as a galactogogue dur- 

 ing the early period of pregnancy. It can be used, however, for treating cases 

 of metritis and as an aphrodisiac. 



The dissemination of disease by dairy products, and methods for prevention 

 {U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Aniin. Indus. Circ. 153, pp. 57, figs. 11). — This circular 

 consists of the following papers, which contain important summaries of in- 

 formation which all producers and consumers of dairy products should know, 

 concerning the dangers of contaminated milk and the methods by which they 

 can be avoided and overcome: Milk as a Carrier of Contagious Disease, and 

 the Desirability of rasteurization, l)y (i. L. Magruder (pp. 7-27) ; The Im- 

 portance of a Wholesome Milk Supi)ly. by J. R. Mohler (pp. 28-37) ; The Rela- 

 tion of the Tuberculous Cow to Pul)lic Health, by E. C. Scln-oeder (pp. 3S-4.5) ; 

 Interpretation of Results of Bacteriological Examination of Milk, by L. A. 

 Rogers and S. II. Ayers (pp. 40-52) ; and Pasteurization, its Advantages and 

 Disadvantages, by M. J. Rosenau (pji. ,53-57). 



In these papers emphasis is laid on the need of better understanding by 

 producers and the public of the importance of a more wholesome and sani- 

 tary aiilk sui)i>ly, the neci'ssity of legislation and competent official supervision, 

 the proper handling of milk by producers, merchants, and in the home, and the 

 advantages (if pasteurization in cases where tliere is any doubt of the healthi- 

 ness of tlie milk. 



Report to the local government board on investigations in the public 

 health laboratory of the University of Manchester upon the prevalence and 

 sources of tubercle bacilli in cow's milk, A. S. Delepink {Ann. Rpt. Local 

 Govt. Ed. [Gt. Brit.], 38 {1908-9), pp. 3.'fl-JiU, figs. 11, dgm.s. J,, charts 6.).— 

 This is a report of numerous experiments on the presence of tubercle bacilli in 

 milk carried out between the years 1S92 and 1908. The most important worlc 

 done was the examination of 7,000 samples of milli and an inspection of many 

 farms in order to study the sources of infection of the milk supply of Man- 

 chester, England. Data on farms visited are presented in tabular form. There 

 are also charts showing the distribution of the milk supply in that vicinity. 



Some of the conclusions reached are as follows: "Lesions of the udder were 

 found in one or more of tlie cows on at least three-fourths of the farms suiiply- 

 ing tuberculous milk to Manchester. . . . 



