52 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



Bordeaux mixture the author has been studying for tliree years substitutes 

 for Bordeaux mixture witli some success. The present publication gives an 

 account of experiments carried on in Virginia, Michigan, and Arlvansas to test 

 tlie value of lime-sulphur sprays as fungicides for summer use. Four brands 

 of the commercial lime-sulphur solution and a home-prepared solution were 

 tested. 



From the results obtained it appears that lime-sulphur preparations may be 

 substituted for Bordeaux mixture in the treatment of apple diseases. A lime- 

 sulphur solution diluted to about 4 lbs. of sulphur to 50 gal. of water appears to 

 be the most promising preparation. This may be obtained by using the com- 

 mercial solution at the rate of li gal. to 50 gal. of water, or by preparing the 

 lime-sulpliur solution at home and so diluting it that each 50 gal. will contain 

 4 lbs. of sulphur. Experiments by the author in 1908 and 1009, as well as the 

 published records of other investigators, indicate that lime-sulphur solution is 

 apparently as effective as Bordeaux mixture in the control of apple scab and 

 that the self-boiled solution is entirely harmless to apple foliage. The self- 

 boiled lime sulphur was not as effective as the boiled preparation. 



Some experiments were conducted in adding insecticides to the lime-sulphur 

 mixtures, and it was found that combinations with Paris green or with 

 arsenite of lime were quite injurious to the apple foliage, but that the addition 

 of arsenate of lead was not injurious and that the insecticide did not even seem 

 to lose any of its efficiencj- by reason of the combination. 



ENTOMOLOGY. 



Outlines of entomology, O. W. Oestlund {.UiiDicapolis, Mhin., 1909, pt. 1, pp. 

 JfJf). — This work, an outcome of a series of lectures given at the University 

 of Minnesota, is here adapted to a second year's course in animal biology, 

 combined with the study of insects. The present part, devoted to anatomy and 

 physiology, is intended to cover the first semester's work. 



Insect and fungus pests of the orchard and farm, A. M. Lea (Hobart, Tas- 

 mania: Govt., 1908, 3. cd., pp. 175, figs. 64). — ^A third and enlarged edition of 

 this work (E. S. B.., 15, p. 597), which is by the Tasmanian government ento- 

 mologist. 



[Report of the department of entomology, 1908], S. B. Doten {Nevada 

 Sta. Bui. 66, pp. 26-36). — The principal work of the year was a further study 

 of the habits and structure of the European elm scale (E. S. R., 20, p. 655), 

 particularly from the economic side. Because of the high cost of thorough 

 spraying with lime-sulphur, as well as the danger of ruining paint on houses 

 and fences in the immediate neighborhood of infested elms as before noted 

 (E. S. R., 22, p. 661), experiments were made with other insecticides. Scalecide 

 proved very efficient as a winter spray, a strength of 1 gal. to not less than llj 

 gal. of water being recommended. Experiments made to determine the value of 

 a jet of water as a remedial agent when used against female larv;e, which have 

 successfully hibernated, show the treatment to be quite effective, all the trees 

 thus treated being nearly free from the scale the following summer, although 

 surrounded on all sides by badly infested elms. The author regards the washing 

 of elms infested with this scale as thoroughly practical, particularly as the 

 younger trees are the worst infested and are at the same time most easil- 

 cleaned. 



Investigations of the codling moth near Franktown have shown it to be quite 

 highly parasitized. Several hymenopterous parasites representing the genera 

 Pimpla, Lisonontini, Micrope, Aenoplex, and Meraporus (?) were discovered to 

 be at work on the larvae. 



