ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 161 



tOAvard the last of May begin to lay eggs in young apples. . . . The last egg 

 obtained from the beetles kept in jars was laid on June 24 and the last of the 

 beetles died on July 8. Early in July the beetles of the second generation began 

 to appear. The first adult of this generation was seen to emerge, with slight 

 assistance, from an infested apple on July 7, one day before the last of the old 

 generation passed away. By July 25, beetles from the early laid eggs were 

 appearing in the breeding jars in considerable numbers though the last indi- 

 vidual of them did not leave the apple until August 30. The period during 

 which the beetles were emerging seemed to be considerably longer than the 

 period of oviposition. This was due to the great variation in the length of time 

 required by the different individuals to complete their transformation. A dif- 

 ference of several weeks, in this respect, was noticed in the individuals which 

 developed from eggs laid by a single female during 1 day in 1 apple." It is 

 concluded that but one generation is produced annually. In addition to feeding 

 on the fruit, a limited portion of their food is obtained from the leaves by scrap- 

 ing fragments of the tissue from the upper surface, which habit is important 

 as it brings the species more readily within the reach of arsenicals. 



"The feeding punctures, in cases where decay does not set in, usually heal 

 over so that they show only as minute scars in the ripe fruit, and the same is 

 true of the egg punctures where the eggs fail to hatch or where the larvae die 

 soon after beginning to feed, as is often the case. . . . The larvae that hatch from 

 the eggs feed on the fruit, forming tortuous tunnels through the flesh, or, more 

 often, make large and irregularly shaped feeding chambers about the core." 

 Four or 5 days are required for the incubation of the egg. " The larval period 

 was found to vary greatly in length ranging from 18 days, in one case, to 53 

 days in another. Its average duration seemed to be about 30 days." The exact 

 length of the pupal stage was observed in only 4 individuals, in each of which 

 it was 8 days. 



Spraying with arsenicals appears to be quite effective, as many of the beetles 

 are killed by swallowing the poison that adheres to the leaves. A parasite bred 

 from a full grown weevil larva has been identified as Bracon anthanomi, a 

 species reared in 1892 from the strawberry weevil. 



Injuries to forest trees by flat-headed borers, H. E. Burke ( U. 8. Dept. 

 Agr. Yearbook 1909, pp. 339--'il5, figs. 12). — In this paper the author describes 

 some of the more important buprestid larvfe, the nature of their injury, and 

 remedial measures. 



" Flat-headed borers injurious to forest trees are of 2 principal classes — those 

 which destroy the vital part of the tree, the bark, and cause its death, and those 

 which damage or destroy its principal product, the timber." The flat-headed 

 bark-borers considered are the two-lined chestnut borer (Agrilus Mlincatus), 

 bronze birch borer (A. anxius), flat-headed western hemlock bark-borer (Mc- 

 lanopMla drummondi), and flat-headed eastern hemlock bark-borer (J/, fulvo- 

 guttata). The flat-headed wood-borers discussed are the flat-headed bald cypress 

 sapwood borer {Acma'odcra pulclieUa), flat-headed bald cypress heartwood 

 borer (Trachykelc Iccontci), flat-headed big tree heartwood borer (T. opiilcnta), 

 flat-headed western cedar heartwood borer (T. blondeli), flat-headed turpentine 

 heartwood borer (Buprestis apricans), golden buprestis {B. aurulenta), large 

 flat-headed pine heartwood borer {Chalcophora virginicnsis) , and flat-headed 

 sycamore heartwood box-er (C. campestris) . The nature of the work of each is 

 shown by drawings. 



It is thought that much of their injury can be prevented by the use of methods 

 of control recommended by expert forest entomologists. 



The chalcidoid parasites of the common house or typhoid fly (Musca 

 domestica) and its allies, A. A. Girault and G. E. Sanders {I'sijchc, til {1909), 



