ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 157 



vKiliifi, Cliilocorus bivuhierus, and Jli/iicraspidifi sp. and three parasites. Ahlcrus 

 clisiocanipa'. Pliijscus raricornis, and a species of the genus Prospaltella, are 

 recorded. 



As means of control for both species, the importance of pruning out all dead 

 and weakened parts preparatory to spraying orchards, shade or ornamental 

 trees is emi^hasized. In orchards well sprayed during the dormant period for 

 the San Jose scale, these species rarely prove troublesome. As there is a con- 

 siderable difference of opinion among entomologists as to the effectiveness of 

 the sprays applied during the dormant season to elfect the destruction of the 

 eggs, re[)orts of several are quoted from. The authors consider it preferable, 

 where the destruction of these insects alone Is to be considered, to spray as the 

 young are hatching out in the spring. Directions are given for the preparation 

 and application of several of the more important insecticides which may be 

 used against the pests, including kerosene emulsion, crude petroleum emulsion, 

 whale-oil soap wash, lime-sulphur wash, miscible oils, and connnercial lime- 

 sulphur washes. 



The morphology and life history of Crithidia gerridis, as found in the 

 British water bug (Gerris paludum), Annie Porter [Parasitology. 2 (1909), 

 No. Jf. pp. 3-'f8^66, pi. J). — The insect host of the Crithidia here considered, 

 commonly known as- the pond skater, is closely allied to G. fossarum which has 

 also been found, at Madras, India, to harbor a Crithidia. 



Trypanosoma lewisi in Haematopinus spinulosus, E. Rodenwaldt (CentM. 

 Balct. [etc.], 1. AM., Orig., 52 {1909), No. 1, pp. 30-J,2, pis. 3, fig. 1; ahs. in 

 t<lccpi)ig 8ickncss Bur. [London'\ Bui. 12, pp. 458, 459). — The following conclu- 

 sions were arrived at • 



" Neither trypanosomes nor anything like them were ever found in lice 

 which had fed on uninfected rats; this is confirmed by Patton, Nuttall, Strick- 

 land, von Prowazek, and Gouder. Patton's species, Crithidia hwmatopinus, 

 therefore does not exist. In lice which have fed on infected rats trypanosome 

 forms are almost always found; when they are not, the lice are young. 



•' As a rule on the first 4 days, certainly on the first 2, no forms other than 

 unaltered or dead trypanosomes are found nor the forms seen afterwards in 

 increasing numbers from day to day which Rodenwaldt designates as ' lancet ' 

 forms and nuclear division forms. From the fifth to the seventh day occur 

 Crithidia and Leptomonas forms very variable in shape, and there are found 

 division processes of rosette form with young parasites which differ from the 

 blood division forms. From the twelfth day the forms mentioned and others 

 to be described later are found side by side in the same preparation." 



The ai'.thor tliinks that the trypanosome is transmitted to the young rats 

 from infected mothers during the 6 weeks of the lactation period, but doubts 

 if transmission takes place in later life. Most of the older rats without try- 

 panosomes were found to be immune. In order to determine if hereditary 

 transmission occurred, nits were collected from infected rats and put upon 

 healthy rats. The lice developed but there was no case of infection. 



The codling moth, T. B. Symons and L. M. Peairs {Maryland Sta. Bui. 

 I'i2, pp. 135-176, figs. 25). — The life history and habits of the codling moth are 

 first considered, observations made in Maryland being reported. 



" The first eggs on record for the past years at College Park, are 1 on April 

 2.5, 1908, 1 on April 28. 1909, and 2 on May .3. 1909. . . . Full grown first 

 i)rood larvte were observed as early as INIay 20, and the first of the second brood 

 moths on June 14. These are exceptional, however, as second l)rood moths do 

 not come out in numbers much before the first of July. Full grown larvse are 

 abundant under the bands after the first week in June: only in exceptional 

 seasons do any but isolated individuals appear before that date. The large 



