174 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



2 MMFf, 2 MmFF, 4 MmFf, 1 MMff, 2 Mmff, 1 mmFF, 2 miuFf, 1 mmff. [This 

 gives] 9 MF, 3 Mf, 3 mF, and 1 mf. In zygotes MMFF and MmFf it may be 

 predicted that circumstances, nutrition, etc., determine whicli type (male or 

 female) of sexual organs is produced." 



Recent literature touching- the question of sex determination, H. E. Jordan 

 (Aiucr. Xut., JfJi (1910), Xo. 5 JO, pp. 2-'i5-25J). — The author reviews the work 

 of Russo (E. S. R., 21, p. 269) and other recent investigators on this subject 

 which furnish some evidence that sex can be controlled by nutrition and is inde- 

 pendent of the number or character of the chromosomes. 



On alternative inheritance in dogs, A. Lang (Ztschr. Induktive Abstam. u. 

 Vererbuiigslehre, 3 {1910), No. 1-2, pp. 1-33, figs. 4). — Crosses were made be- 

 tween a brown short-haired bird dog with brown spots on a light abdomen and 

 extremities and a long-haired blaclv Newfoundland. The results agreed with 

 those found with other mammals. In general the black, brown, and solid col- 

 ors were dominant over the spotted, and short hair was dominant over long. 



Crosses are also reported in which the short leg of the dachshund was usu- 

 ally dominant when crossed with other breeds. 



Is there a correlation between the development of the horns and bones? 

 G. Laurer (Dcut. Landw. Tierzucht, l) ( 1910), Xo. 11, pp. 126, 127).— The author 

 measured the length and circumfei'ence of cannon bones of 42 cows of the Kehl- 

 heim breed and concludes that large and strong bones are generally associated 

 with small horns and small bones with large horns. 



Concerning inbreeding, A, de Chapeatjrotjge {Ebiigcs iibcr Inzucht und Hire 

 Lcistidig aiif Vcr-scliicdciicn Zuchtgcbictcn. Hamburg, 1909, pp. 98). — This book 

 is devoted to a discussion of the adviinttiges of inbreeding, especially in horses. 

 Many examples obtained from pedigree records are cited to show the service 

 which inbreeding has rendered in the improvement of different classes of live 

 stock. 



Animal remains from the excavations at Anau and the horse of Anau in 

 its relation to the races of domestic horses, J. U. Duerst (Carnegie Inst. Wash- 

 iuglon rub. 13, pp. 3'il-.'i.'i2. pis. 21, figs. 3). — A detailed description of the pre- 

 historic jinlmals found in excavations in Turkestan, including discussions of 

 the relationships of different wild and domesticated species of animals. 

 Measurements of the subfossil bones found in these deposits are given. 



The oldest species of wild ox found was Bos namadicus, the Asiatic form of 

 primigenius. In later deposits, about 8000 B. C, a domesticated ox appeared, 

 which is identical with B. taurus macroccros of Egypt. This species was later 

 spread by tribal migrations. B. taurus brachyceros was a more modern and 

 stunted form of maeroceros. 



An examination of the skulls of Sus palustris showed them to be the oldest 

 known form of the turbary pig. In the early deposits there was a wild sheep. 

 Oris- rignei a7kal. A later domesticated species, O. aries palustris, reached its 

 fidl development about 6250 B. C. 



The Anau horse. Equus caballus pumpeUii, a new species, is the oldest domesti- 

 cated Oriental horse known and is ancestrally closely related to E. prseicalskii, 

 but possessed a more slender form. The genealogy of the Anau horse and its 

 relation to the Arabian, the English thoroughbred, and other European horses is 

 illustrated by a diagram. 



Remains of the camel, goat, shepherd dog, which is closely related to the 

 dingo, and hornless sheep were found at Anau in deposits which date back to 

 about 5850 B. C, but apjiarently these were not indigenous but had been brought 

 there by the migration of tribes from elsewhere. 



