184 EXPEKIMENT STATION EECORD. 



characteristics of the streptotrichese and the pathology of the infectious which 

 they cause, the author deals with the evidence which is available in supix>rt 

 of the following propositions: (1) That under the name of tuberculosis there 

 are commonly included infections caused by more than one species of parasite; 

 and (2) that the parasites, generally reputed to be bacilli, which are the cause 

 of tuberculosis, belong in reality to a higher group of organisms and should as 

 streptotriche.'P be included with the hypliomycetes. or mold fungi. 



Atypical generalized tuberculosis in a bullock, K. Poppe (Ztschr. Fleisch 

 u. Milchhyg., 20 (1909), No. 3, pp. 76-79; aJ)s. in Jour. Compar. Path, and Tlier., 

 23 (1910), No. 1, pp. 9Jt-96). — A case in which tuberculosis of the brain ap- 

 pears to have been primary. With the exception of a slight pleural adhesion, 

 there was no evidence that the disease had' a hematogenous or embolic origin. 



A contribution to the study of the influences determining the prevalence 

 of bovine tuberculous mastitis, S. Delkpine (Lancet [London], 1910, I, 

 A'o. 20, pp. 1326-1333). — The author considers the milk of cows suffering from 

 tuberculous mastitis to be the most important means of transmission of bovine 

 tuberculosis in infants. 



Attention is called to the fact that cows affected with tuberculosis of the 

 udder are in a nia.iority of cases suffering also from more or less advanced 

 tuberculosis of other organs. The author personally examined post-mortem the 

 organs of nearly 100 cows affected with tuberculous mastitis, and in only one 

 case failed to discover tuberculous lesions of internal organs. In three cases 

 the internal lesions were limited, but in the great majority of cases they were 

 extensive. Out of more than 300 cows suffering from tuberculosis of the udder, 

 and examined by several veterinary surgeons, only four were reported as free 

 from any other tuberculous lesions. Primary tuberculosis of the cow's udder 

 would therefore appear to be of rare occurrence. Tubei-culous mastitis is not 

 common in young cows, the author estimating that about 90 per cent of the 

 cases are over 4 or 5 years of age. From personal observations, he concludes 

 that in about 3.7 per cent of all cows suffering from tuberculosis of any organ, 

 the udder is affected with tuberculosis. 



Up to the end of 1909, 5.360 cans of mixed milk sent to Manchester were 

 sampled on their arrival, and 450 cans found to contain tuberculous milk. 

 Of the cows examined clinically by the veterinary surgeon, the udders of 

 1,082 cows showed signs of being possibly affected with tuberculosis, and of 

 these, 290 proved, by inoculation, to be capable of producing tuberculosis in 

 guinea pigs. Between 1896 and 1909, 1.613 farms sending milk to Manchester 

 were tested 4.282 times; at the first test 176 farms were found to have tuber- 

 culous cows and at the second test 238. 



"The evidence ()l)taine<l so far shows that bovine tuberculosis is, on an aver- 

 age, more prevalent in districts where stables are generally in a bad state, 

 small or badly ventilated and dirty, and where also it is the usual practice to 

 retain many aged cows on the farms." 



The author is " led to the conclusion that bovine animals suffering from 

 ulcerative tuberculous lesions, more especially of the respiratory organs, 

 alimentary canal, genito-urinary organs and udder, constitute the chief factor 

 determining the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis." 



The fight against tuberculosis in Holland, A. A. Overbeek (Tijdschr. 

 Vccarfxenijk.. 36 (1909). \o. 13. pp. SLi~S23: ah.s. in Ann. MM. Vet., .59 (1910), 

 No. 3, pp. 163-166). — This is a review of the work which has been carried on 

 in Holland against the dissemination of the disease by bovines. 



The difference in susceptibility to cattle plague encountered among cattle 

 and carabaos, E. H. Ruediger (Philipiunc Jour. ScL, B. Med. Sci., Jf (1909), 

 No. 6^pp, Jf25-4ol, figs, 50). — In summing up the results of other investigations 



