VETERINARY MEDICINE. 287 



Combating' aphthous fever, H. J. Lovink (Tijdschr. Vceartscnijk., 36 

 (1900), Xo. I'i, pp. 861-816; ahs. in Ann. Med. V^t., 59 {1910), No. 3, pp. 168- 

 170). — ^An account of the occurrence of foot-and-mouth disease in Holland. 



Ticks and the piroplasms of hedgehogs, W. L. Yakimoff (Centbl. BakL 

 [etc.], 1. AM., Orig., 52 {1909), No. 4, pp. 472-.'/77, pi. 1).—A new species of 

 Piroplasma found to occur in the district of Sarotov, Russia, in the blood of 

 16 of the 25 hedgehogs {Erinaccus europccus) examined, is described as P. 

 nincnse. The hedgehogs were found to be highly infested with the nymphs of 

 the tick Dennacentor reticu^atus, which in the adult stage transmits equine 

 piroplasmosis (E. S. R., 22. p. 685). Attempts to infect colts with this new 

 Piroplasma through the application of adult ticks bred from nymphs taken 

 from infected hedgehogs, and through injections of blood from infected hedge- 

 hogs, failed. Similar results followed the injection of blood into several 

 species of small animals. In addition to the hedgehog, the field mouse was 

 also found to serve as a host for the nymphal stage of D. rcticidatus. 



Experimental attempts to infest horses with piroplasms from hedgehogs, 

 A. WiNOGRADOFF and W. Yakimoff {Bid. Epizoot. Zemstvo Sarotov [Russia], 

 1908, No. 11; ahs. in Bui. Inst. Pasteur, 7 {1909), No. 23, p. 1032).— This ac- 

 count relates to the studies above noted. 



Invectigations of intra-uterine infection in tuberculosis, W. Klein {Berlin. 

 Tierarztl. Wchnschr., 26 {1910), No. 9, pp. 205-208; ahs. in Jour. Compar. 

 Path, and Ther., 23 {1910), No. 1, pp. 7-'t-79). — The subject is here reviewed at 

 some length and investigations reported. 



'' Material from the liver, lungs, and spleen of 13 apparently healthy fetuses 

 of more or less badly affected cows was inoculated into 117 guinea pigs. In 

 each case the placenta was also tested as to the presence of tubercle bacilli by 

 experimental inoculation. Not a single guinea pig of the whole number be- 

 came tuberculous. In 2 cases in which the cotyledons contained tubercle 

 bacilli guinea pigs inoculated from the corresponding fetuses remained healthy. 

 . . . Material from 14 apparently normal pig fetuses and 58 guinea pig fetuses, 

 including some of the placentas, was inoculated into 181 guinea pigs, and in 

 only 4 fetuses (from a single female) were tubercle bacilli discovered. . . . 



'*The frequency of placental infection can be judged by examining the sta- 

 tistics of the slaughterhouses in Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg, where 

 it is customary to slaughter new born calves and calves only a few days old. 

 At Kiel during the period 1895-1898, 21,858 calves under a week old were 

 slaughtered, and of these, 138, or 0.63 iier cent, were tuberculous. At Flens- 

 burg from 1899-1906, 24,822 calves were slaughtered, with 179, or 0.72 per cent, 

 diseased. At Schwerin from 1894-1903, of 48,449 calves slaughtered, 103, or 

 0.21 per cent, were tuberculous. The percentage varies between 0.21 and 0.72, 

 depending upon the varying prevalence of the disease among the adult cattle. 

 ... In Prussia only 0.15 per cent of calves slaughtered are tuberculous. . . . 

 The relative frequency of fetal tuberculosis in cattle is therefore mainly 

 ascribable to the peritoneal tuberculosis, which is so typical of the disease in 

 cattle. . . . Intra-uterine tuberculous infection in cattle is not of extraordhiary 

 rarity, as it is in tbe human subject, and it occurs much more frequently tban 

 the extreme opponents of P>aunigarten"s theory suppose." 



Detection and significance of tubercle bacilli in the circulating blood, 

 ScHNiTTEK {Deut. Med. Wclinschr., 35 {1909), p. 1566; ahs. in Hiig. Rundschau, 

 20 {1910), No. 10, p. 536). — This is a description of a method which was em- 

 ployed in 34 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, of which 17 were in the third 

 stage of the disease, 9 in the^second, and 8 in the first. Tubercle bacilli were 

 52065°— No. 3—10 7 



