VETERINARY MEDICINE, 283 



yieltl iif milk i)er cow \v:is IMJ.L' lbs. \<vv day. Ouriiii; the first o weoks on j^rass 

 the avora.uc yield per eow was 27.5 lbs. per day. The yield of 3 cows was un- 

 affected by the cluuige; in tlie case of 2 others there was a slight decrease. 



Notices of judgment (U. »S'. Dciit. Aj/r., Noficvs of Jii(l<jmciit 285, liSl, pp. 

 I "(icli). — These notices have to do with the adulteration of cream and milk 

 respectively. 



Butter scoring contest, 1909, II. A. Hoppeu {California Sta. Circ. J/S, pp. 

 20, fii/s. 2). — An account is given of the educational butter-scoring contest of 1909, 

 in which the methods of making the butters obtaining the highest and lowest 

 scores are described. Suggestions are given for grading tlie cream, preparation 

 of starters, cream ripening, pasteurizing, and other matters relating to the com- 

 position of butter. 



Report of continuous butter exhibitions at Copenhagen Experiment Sta- 

 tion, 1909 (Ma:lkciitid., 23 {1010), Ao. IS, pp. 331-3 ',0) .—In the exhibitions 

 during the year 972 creameries took part, furnishing 2,973 tubs of butter. These 

 were scored and examined for water content, shrinkage, and other points, in the 

 usual manner. The average percentage of w^ater in the butter was 14.23, but 

 84 tubs contained over 16 per cent, and 13 tubs less than 12 per cent. Ninety- 

 two tubs leaked brine on standing. 



VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



The influence of feeding sugar beets and mang'els to breeding animals 

 with special reference to the formation of renal and urinary calculi, L. G. 

 Michael i:t al. {loica S'la. Bui. 112, pi). 35-11, figs. 9). — The impressions of 

 stockmen that sugar beets and mangels cause the formation of renal and 

 urinary calculi, followed by the discovery in 1904 of renal calculi in a short- 

 horn bull, which up to the time of death had received a normal hay and grain 

 ration to which mangel-wvu'zels had been added, led the autlior to take up the 

 investigation here reported, extending over a period of 5 years. 



During 1904-."), 2 rams were fed mangels from January 20 to March 1 at the 

 rate of G lbs. daily in addition to a ration of clover liay and i lb. of grain. 

 From March 1 to March 15 the mangels in the ration were replaced by sugar 

 beets. As a check 2 other rams were fed only hay and grain. Later all 4 w'ere 

 turned on pasture, no ill effects being observed, either during the experiment or 

 afterward. During 19(ir> (5, their ration consisted of hay, grain, and corn 

 silage. In 1900-7, 2 additional rams were added to the experiment. During 

 this test, one of the rams receiving hay and grain died under the experiment. 

 After May 15, when the feeding ended, they were turned on pasture for the 

 summer, all apparently remaining in perfect health. In the fall one of the 3 

 which received mangels was slaughtered, an examination showing the organs to 

 be noi'mal in all resi)ects, and no calculi being found. During 1907-S, 2 i-am 

 lambs were added to the exi)eriment, the animals being divided into 3 lots 

 of 2 rams each. 'All animals were fed on a ration of 1.1 lbs. of corn daily in 

 addition to all the hay they would eat. After the lirst 20 days one lot was fed 

 sugar beets in addition to the hay and grain, and, similarly, a second lot 

 received mangels. The roots were increased during the next 40 days to 17.0 lbs. 

 daily besides corn and some hay. . . . The ex])eriment began December 14, and 

 ended April 9, and included daily examinations of feed, urine, and feces. At 

 the end of the exi)erinient 1 animal from each lot was slaughtered. A small 

 calculus was found in Ibr kidney of the sugar-beet fed ram. The kidneys of 

 the mangel-f<'d ram were enlarged, while (lie kidneys of the ram receiving hay 

 and grain only were normal." 



