VETERIXARY MEDICINE. 391 



AC 1, pp. 1-16, fig.'i. /// alts, in Science, n. so:, 31 {1910), No. 797, pp. 551, 

 552). — "The commonest streptococci in human feces are <S. mitis ( acidifying 

 dextrose and lactose), .S. facuJis (dextrose, lactose and mannit) and S. vquiivus 

 (dextrose alone). In the feces of the cow S. cquinus and S. mitis are present; 

 but S. fcccnlis is absent and a form rare in human feces, S. salivarius (dextrose, 

 lactose and raffinose), is fairly abundant. In the feces of the horse practically 

 all the streptococci present are of the aS'. cquiiius type." 



A contribution to the clinical study of infectious typho-anemia, L. Dupas 

 (Rev. Gen. Med. Vet., 15 (ID 10), No. 17 J, pp. I.i'.)-1S(K fuj. /).— A detailed ac- 

 count of two cases, one of which recovered, that occurred among army horses 

 stationed near Sedan, France. 



The etiolog-y of intestinal congestion in the horse, H. Carre {Compt. Rend. 

 Acad. Sci. [I'uris], 150 (IDIO), Xo. U, pp. 358. 359).— The author finds that in- 

 testinal congestion in the horse is due to the Preisz-Nocard bacillus, the toxins 

 of which cause the lesions. 



The susceptibility of the dog to African horse sickness, J. M'Fadyean 

 (Jour. Conipar. I'atti. and Titer., 23 {1910), Xo. 1, pp. 27-33). — "There are 

 i-ecognized horse sickness areas or districts, in which the disease recurs with 

 greater or less severity every year, but even in the worst of these areas it 

 prevails only during the summer and autumn months and, so far as the occur- 

 rence of fresh cases is concerned, it disappears with the onset of cold weather, 

 and is unknown for more than half the year. These facts can be partially 

 explained by assuming that the virus of horse sickness has an invertebrate as 

 well as a vertebrate host, and that the former, probably a mosquito, is the 

 agent by which the disease is transmitted to horses." This disease differs 

 from the diseases caused by trypanosomes and piroplasms in that the virus is 

 entirely destroyed or eliminated from the body and the recovered horse is 

 incav)able of serving as a fountain of infection for the hypothetical transmit- 

 ting insect. Thus it remains to be determined where in a horse sickness district 

 the virus of the disease is during the G or S months which separate successive 

 annual outbreaks. 



The idea of Edington that heartwater could be produced in goats, sheep, and 

 cattle by inoculating them with horse sickness blood has been disproved by 

 Theiler and Stockman. These workers pointed out that the 2 diseases have 

 a different range in South Africa and that heartwater is tick-borne and only 

 occurs in those parts of the Transvaal where Anih1i/o>nni(i liehra'tini is present. 

 Theiler has shown that the disease can not be produced in cattle and sheep 

 through injections of horse sickness blood, that only in exceptional cases can 

 the goat be infected, and that the injection of blood into goats does not confer 

 any immunity against heartwater. 



The work of Theiler, who conducted experiments and came to the conclusion 

 that it is possible to transfer horse sickness to dogs and transmit the virulence 

 from dog to dog. is reviewed and experiments carried on by the author with the 

 object of obtaining further evidence as to the susceptibility of the dog to horse 

 sickness are reported. It is pointed out that the results obtained by Theiler were 

 brought about by the intravenous injection of undiluted and unfiltered horse 

 sickness blood injected directly into the veins. On the basis of experiments per- 

 sonally conducted in which the filtrate obtained from diluted blood passed 

 through a IJerkefeld filter was subcutaneously injected, the author concludes that 

 "in view of the resistance which the dog offers to experimental infection with 

 the horse sickness virus, it is improbable that animals of that species are ever 

 infected in natural circumstances, or that in horse sickness districts the canine 

 species can constitute a 'reservoir' for the infection of horses through the 

 medium of au insect. Further investigations are necessary to show what 



