392 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



becomes of the virus of horse sickness during the healthy months of the year, 

 but it may be observed that one is not obliged to conclude that it is perpetuated 

 in the bodies of animals other than the horse. It may be carried over from one 

 generation of invertebrate host to the next." 



Four cases of diabetes in the dog, A. Lanfranchi {Abs. in Vet. Jour., 65 

 (1909), Xo. Jill, ]). .^88). — In the cases reported the author attributes a great 

 etiologicMl influence to intensive alimentation and lack of exercise. Alterations 

 of the liver seem to play the chief role. 



Enzootic ulcerous keratitis in dogs, Cadeac (Jour. MM. Vet. et Zootech., 

 61 {1910), Jan., pp. 15, 16; ahs. in Vet. Rec, 22 {1910), Xo. 1136, p. 678).— The 

 author describes an enzootic ulcerative keratitis in dogs which rages in low and 

 marshy localities. It affects hunting dogs nearly exclusively, those which hunt 

 in marshes being particularly subject to it. If treated immediately by an anti- 

 septic (bichlorid of mercury 1 in 2,000) the ulceration may retrogress and the 

 animal recover, but this termination is rare. Despite the negative results of 

 microscopical examination, the author thinks it probable that the ocular infec- 

 tions are sequels of a relatively benign attack of i»iroplasmosis. 



The Filaria immitis in Transcaucasian dogs, Gogel (.Ib.s-. in Vet. Rec, 22 

 (1910), A"o. 1133, pp. 631, 632).— In 1908, the author found Filaria immitis 

 extensively disseminated among the dogs of Transcaucasia. Of those at his 

 disposal for examination, he found that 6G.7 per cent were hosts of this parasite. 



Spirochetosis in fowls in Queensland, S. Dodd {Jour. Compar. Path, and 

 Thcr.. 23 (1910), yo. 1, pp. 1-17). — This is a detailed account of investigations 

 of a disease of poultry occurring in the vicinity of Rockliampfon, which as pre- 

 viously noted (E. S. It., 22, p. 783) was found to be spirochetosis. The disease 

 is said to have occurred in that locality for several years, the average death 

 rate among infected birds varying from 60 to 00 per cent. 



" Eleven birls were artificially inoculated with blood of fowls suffering from 

 spirocheto'sis, and 9 were exposed to natural tick infection. Of the former, the 

 whole reacted to a greater or lesser degree of severity. Of these, 5, or 45.45 per 

 cent, died from the acute form of spirochetosis, while two, or IS.IS per cent, 

 died from the chronic form, making a total mortality of G3.6.3 per cent. Four, 

 or 36.3G per cent, of the 11 fowls recovered more or less completely, although 

 in the case of two, owing to their being stolen, their history could not be fol- 

 lowed up. Of the fowls exposed to natural tick infection. 5, or 55.5 per cent, 

 became infected and spirochetes were demonstrated in their blood. Three, or 

 S3.3 per cent, at no time showed the presence of spirochetes on microscopical 

 examination of their blood, but subsequently died after showing .symptoms of 

 the chronic form of the disease, making a total of S deaths, or SS.S per cent." 



The author considers it probable that a single infected tick is sufhcient to 

 infect a fowl. In one instance a fowl, infected by ticks which had fasted for 7 

 months and 6 days, died with symi)toms of chronic spirochetosis, although the 

 casual organisms could not be demonstrated microscopically. 



It was found that one-fifteenth of a grain of soamin dissolved in 1 cc. of 

 sterile water injected intramuscularly usually modified and shortened the attack 

 of spirochetosis, recovery being rapid and complete, and but one case of the 

 chronic tyjie supervening. 



The development of Spirochseta gallinarum, S. von Prowazek {21cm. Inst. 

 Osicahio Cruz; 1 {1909), Xo. 2, pp. 79, 80, figs. 7 ; abs. in Vet. Rec., 22 {1910), 

 2fo. lVi3, p. 788). — From studies conducted in Brazil, the author concludes that 

 Argas minialus is a true intermediary host of .S'. gallinarnm. 



From October, 1908 to January, 1909 smears taken from infected ticks and 

 stained l>y Liiffler's process were examined almost daily. It was found that 

 '• spirochetes first appeared in the opaque, leucocyte containing fluid from the 

 body cavity of the tick about 3 days after infection, and in the salivary glands 



