352 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



Plant diseases, D. H. Jones (Ann. Rpt. Ontario Agr. Col. and Expt. Farm, 

 3.3 (1909), 1)1). 12S-130) .—Duving 1909 the bacterial blight of apple and pear 

 trees was very severe lu Ontario. Many pear trees were killed, and a large per- 

 centage of the young growth of apples was withered and destroyed. 



It is claimed that 50 per cent of the total amount of the twig blight on apple 

 trees, and practically all cases of twig blight that occurred after the blossom- 

 ing season, were due to the inoculation of the disease germs into the twigs, 

 suckers, and water spouts by aphids, principally Aphis mali and Hchizoneura 

 lanigcra. It is also claimed that the body blight on the trunk and large 

 branches may result from the inoculation of the wounds made by the fruit 

 bark boring beetle (ScoJytiis ruguJosus), as the beetles were found to be liter- 

 ally covei'ed with blight germs and the disease was found developing around 

 fresh punctures made by these beetles in the bark of healthy trees. 



For the control of this disease rigorous pruning, disinfection of wounds, 

 and pruning implements, and the destruction of the aphids, beetles, etc., are 

 recommended. 



The pear and apple blight in Montana, I). B. Swingle (Montana t^ta. Circ. 

 2, pp. 9). — The author traces the appearance and distribution of the bacterial 

 blight of apples and pears throughout Montana, describes the cause and symp- 

 toms of the disease, and offers suggestions for its prevention. 



The method of treatment suggested consists of the cutting out and burning 

 of all affected parts, care being taken to disinfect the implements used in i)run- 

 ing. In the regions covered by this circular it Is considered important that 

 orchards should have no more tillage or water during the first half of the grow- 

 ing season than is absolutely necessary for making the crop. 



Lists are given of different varieties of apples grown in Montana, these being 

 arranged with reference to their resistance or susceptibility to disease. The 

 author suggests that where susceptible varieties have already been planted they 

 should be top worked with more resistant varieties as soon as the blight be- 

 comes serious enough to warrant it. 



The use of lime-sulphur sprays in the summer spraying of Virginia 

 apple orchards, W. M. Scott {Virginia Sta. linl. J.S8, pp. 16, figx. 8). — An 

 account is given of experiments with lime-sulphur s|)rays conducted in Virginia 

 in cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry of this Department, the more 

 essential features of which have been noted elsewhere (E. S. R., 23, p. 51). 



The experiments were carried on with a number of Aarieties of apples in dif- 

 ferent orchards, and it was found that the lime-sulphur preparation, in the self- 

 boiled or other form, was quite efficient in the control of the apple dise;ises. It 

 is apparently as effective as Bordeaux mixture for the control of apple scab, will 

 also control leaf spot and some other diseases, but has not proved satisfactory 

 for apple blotch and bitter rot. In regions where spraying for bitter rot is re- 

 quired, it is recommended that the lime-sulphur treatment for scab and leaf spot 

 be followed by applications with Bordeaux mixture. 



A new species of Endomyces from decaying apple, C. E. Lewis (Maine 

 Sta. Bui. 178, pp. -'lO-S'i, pis. 7). — In October, 190.S, the author discovered a new 

 fungus in connection with a study of the decay of apples, a preliminary account 

 of which has been given elsewhere (E. S. R., 23, p. 250). This fungus was asso- 

 ciated with a number of others, including species of Alternaria, Cladosporium, 

 and Fusarium, and when studied in cultures proved to be a species of Endomyces. 



Inoculation experiments showed that the decay could be readily induceil l)y 

 the introduction of the fungus from pure cultures. Its chief interest lies in the 

 fact that it belongs to a family of finigi which has not hitherto been reported 

 from America. The fungus differs somewhat in its characters from the de- 



