ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 359 



is attacked by two or more species of primary parasites or by one species more 

 than ouce. " It differs materially from secondary parasitism, or hyperpara- 

 sitism as it is variously called, although both are, strictly speaking, double 

 parasitism of an individual. In superparasitism the parent femalr^s are both 

 attracted to the primary host primarily for its own sake. In hyperparasitism 

 one of them is attracted to the primary host secondarily and Incidentally, 

 and for the sake of the primary parasite which it harbors." 



The author considers superparasitism the equal of hyperparasitism in its 

 effect upon the natural control of parasitic insects and thinks it should be given 

 equal attention. 



Proceedings of the twenty-second annual meeting of the American Asso- 

 ciation of Economic Entomologists {Jour. Econ. Ent., S (1910), No. 1, pp. 

 1-6.'/, pis. 5, fig. 1). — The business i)roceedings of the association, reported in 

 part 1 (pp. 1-11), include a list of the common names of 52 insects, that were 

 adoitted. 



The address of the president, W. E. Britton, was entitled The Official Ento- 

 mologist and the Farmer (pp. 12-20). E. P. Felt discussed Observations on the 

 House-fly (pp. 24-26). An expei'iment conducted led to the conclusion that the 

 house or typhoid fly does not breed freely in darkness. Through the use of 

 cement underpinning, it is comparatively easy to construct dark cellars where 

 manure and other fly breeding material can be kept without producing swarms 

 of flies. These measures, while particularly adapted to the farm, will also 

 prove of service in villages and cities. Controlling the F>lack Fly in the White 

 Mountains was the subject of a discussion, by E. D. Sanderson (pp. 27-29), 

 who concludes that the destruction of these flies in mountain resort regions is 

 as feasible as the control of mosquitoes in low countries such as the vicinity 

 of New York and New Jersey, 



Under the subject of New Sprays for the Codling Moth, C. P. Gillette (pp. 

 29-35) discussed experiments made with sulphid of arsenic (AS- Ss), lime, 

 black leaf extract, and sulphate of nicotine. In the attempt to find some in- 

 secticide that would be effective and less injurious to the trees in Colorado 

 than are the arsenicals now in use, experiments were conducted at Delta which 

 indicate that sulphid of arsenic may be as efficient as arsenate of lead. " Good 

 lump lime, 50 lbs. to 100 gals, of water, seemed to give no protection at all, as 

 the percentage of perfect fruit on these trees averaged 58.9, exactly as in case 

 of the check trees. Black leaf extract was used in the proportion of 1 gal. 

 diluted to 50 gals, with water. The trees sprayed with this mixture gave fruit 

 that was 77 per cent free from worm injuries, or about IS per cent more perfect 

 fruit than in the check block. Sulphate of nicotine was used in the proportion 

 of 1 part in 750 parts of water and seemed to give slight protection, as the trees 

 si)rayed with this mixture bore fruit that was 73 per cent free from all worm 

 injuries, an improvement of practically 14 per cent over the fruit of unsprayed 

 trees. Even this application indicates a protection of almost exactly 38 per 

 cent (if the fruit that would have been wormy if untreated, for the check trees 

 had but 41.1 per cent of their fruit injured by worms." 



Arsenical Poisoning of Fruit Trees was briefly considered by W. P. Headdeu 

 (pp. 32-35), and Present Conditions of the Gipsy and Brown-tail Moth Work 

 in Massachusetts, by F. W. Kane, (pp. 30-38). Some Insecticide Methods used 

 in (Combating the Gipsy Moth were described by A. F. Burgess (pp. 38^2). 



W. E. Hinds and W. P. Turner presented a paper on Carbon Disulphid Fumi- 

 gation for the Rice Weevil in Corn (pp. 47-5G). This pest is thought to be at 

 the present time the most injurious species of insect occurring in Alabama. 

 Numerous germination tests show that weevil injury is in all probability re- 

 sponsible to a considerable extent for irregular stand and lack of uniformly 



