414 EXPEBIiTEXT STATION EECORD. 



methvl pentosans to pentosans in certain varieties of corn and soy beans, as 

 determined according to the method of Tolleus and Ellett. were for soy beans 

 6.18 and for com 5.4. 



In regard to castor seeds (ricinus) in peanut flour residues, F. Schmidt 

 (Ztschr. Offentl. Chem.. 16 {1910). Xo. 6, pp. 101-123).— A polemical article 

 in reference to the toxicity of ricinus in fteanut refuse flour for farm stock. 



Contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of fruits for the year 

 1909. A. Olig, E. Bbitst, and H. Sttmpf (Ztschr. Untersuch.yahr. u. Genussmtl., 

 19 \ 1910). So. 10. pp. 558—569). — The authors draw attention to the fact that 

 Baier and Neumann ( E. S. R.. 19. p. 210). in proposing the ratios of sugar-free 

 extract to matter insoluble in water and of insoluble matter to alkalinity for 

 determining the nature of the fruit employed in the manufacture of marmalades, 

 neglected to make a previous examination of the fruits themselves for purposes 

 of comparison. The authors have, therefore, examined strawberries, currants, 

 raspberries, gooseberries, cherries, prunes, plums (various varieties), peaches, 

 apricots, apples, and pears. The stems of the berry fruits, the stones of the 

 stone fruits, and the skins and seed casings of the pomaceous fruits were 

 removed, and after the preliminary cleaning process the fruits were passe<l 

 through a meat chopping machine and examined. 



The results obtained agree fairly well with the S{)ecifications announcetl by 

 Baier and Neumann, except in the case of strawberries, which yielded the 

 constants set down for jiomaceous seed fruits. Currants and raspberries were 

 the closest related in regard to their constants of all the fruits. On the other 

 hand, both of these differed from the strawberry in their content of insoluble 

 matter and in the Neumann-Baier ratios, and differed from gooseberries in in- 

 .sf>ltib]e matter and alkalinity. All berries, with the exception of the strawberry, 

 had higher Neumann-Baier ratios than either the stone or jtomaceous .seed fruits, 

 the stone fruits in addition being higher in ash. phosphoric acid, and alkalinity 

 of water soluble matter. Stone fruits differ from pomaceous seed fruits in that 

 they have a higher ash. alkalinity, and Neumann-Baier ratio. Very little 

 difference exists between peaches, prunes, and plums, while one variety of plum 

 (Reineclaude) and apricots differ from the other stone fruits in that they have 

 a higher sugar-free extract and ash content and a higher alkalinity. 



Chemical organization of a typical fruit, A. E. Vixsox (Jour. Biol. Chem.. 7 

 (1910), yo. 6. pp. XL, XLI). — It is shown that unrii>e dates of the invert sugar 

 type retained their high cane sugar content as long as the fruit remaine<l 

 intact, this probably being due to the presence of intracellular invertase which 

 is only liberated by traumatism of the fruit and thereby coming in contact with 

 the c-ane sugar. Filtered juice of the date was found to contain very little or 

 no inverta.se. this remaining in the pulp. See also a previous note (E. S. R., 

 22. p. 709). 



The sugar of the grape. L. Roos and E. Hugttes (Ann. Falsif., 3 (1910), Xo. 

 19. pp. i02-20-'f\. — Numerous varieties of grai»es were examined for their glu- 

 cose, levulose. and acid content. 



The maxima of the first series, which included the Concord, Telegraph, 1304 

 Mal&gue, Elvira, Isabelle, 13-317 Castel, Noah, Rupestris. Riparia X Rupestris, 

 Jac-quez, Clinton, Riparia, Taylor, and Othello varieties, were 151 gm. glucose 

 per liter of must, was 151 gm.. and 153 gm. levulose. The minima were, 

 respectively. 61.61 and 66.99 gm. The maximum glucose-levulose ratio was 

 1 : 1.05 and the minimum was 1 : 0.87. 



For the sec-ond series, which included Petit-Bouschet. Aspiran-Bouschet. 

 Piquepoul-Bouschet. Cissaut-Bouschet. Piquepoul Gris, Alicante-Bouschet. Aspi- 

 ran Noir, Grand Noir de la Calmette, Morastel-Bouschet, Clairette, Carignan. 



