DISEASES OF PLANTS. 453 



blackberries, the Lucretia dewberry, Logan berry, Antwerp and Cuthbert red 

 raspberry, and the Cumberland black raspberry, and is especially injurious to 

 the Snyder and Kittatany blackberries, attacking the stems, leaves, and fruit. 



The fungus attacks the current year's growth of shoots when they are 6 to 

 12 in. in height, but does not spread on the stems and leaves after the branches 

 form. On the Snyder and Kittatany blackberry the fungus spreads from the 

 stems and leaves to the young fruit, and continues to spread on the fruit during 

 the entire season, damaging it more or less severely. 



To check the ravages of the disease the infested leaves should be destroyed, 

 and badly diseased canes should be cut out before the leaves fall and burned. 

 As a preventive measure, spray with 4 : 4 : 50 Bordeaux mixture before the 

 leaves appear, using a second application when the leaves are fully expanded, 

 and a third application just before the blossoms appear. 



The double blossom, M. T. Cook (Abs. in Science, n. set:, 31 {1910), No. 802, 

 p. 751). — The author briefly describes a disease of Rubus due to the fungus 

 Fusariiim riibi. This trouble is abundant in Delaware and Maryland, where it 

 is quite destructive to the varieties of dewberries Lucretia and Rathbone. It 

 winters in the buds and the spores are formed in the open blossom, resulting 

 in the formation of witches' brooms, a deformity of the blossoms, and atrophy 

 of the berries. Late blossoms are formed abundantly, but these also contain 

 spores. 



Sclerotinia or die-back disease of the gooseberry, E. S. Salmon {Jour. Bd. 

 Affi: [London], 11 {1910), No. 1, pp. 1-0, pis. 2, Jig. 1).— The author describes 

 a disease of gooseberries that is due to a species of Sclerotinia, which is said to 

 be distributed throughout quite a poi-tion of England. The fungus attacks the 

 main stem and bases of the branches, the young wood, leaves, and berries, 

 causing the rotting of the berries and the more or less complete destruction 

 of the wood. 



For the control of the disease the prompt removal and burning of all dead 

 bushes or branches are I'ecommended. Where the disease has become wide- 

 spread, spraying may be resorted to. Anything that will induce a rapid, vigor- 

 ous growth of the bushes is said to stop the development of the fungus. 



On the treatment of downy mildew of grapes by means of oxychlorid of 

 copper, E. Chuard {Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. [Paris], 150 {1910), No. 13, pp. 

 839-8-'il).—ln a previous publication (E. S. R., 19, p. 155) the author called 

 attention to the value of oxychlorid of copper for the control of the downy 

 mildew of the grape. This substance he has been using since 1906, and during 

 1909 it was extensively employed in a number of important grape-growing dis- 

 tricts of France with great success. It is said to be a product directly ob- 

 tained in the electrolytic manufacture of soda or potash by the Granier method 

 in which metallic copper anodes are used. It is a noncrystalline powder, 

 insoluble in water, but sufficiently fine to be readily held in suspension while 

 being applied as a fungicide. The compound contains about 50 per cent copper, 

 and when used at the rate of 500 gm. per hectoliter (about 19 gm. per gallon) 

 it has given results comparable with those obtained with 2 per cent Bordeaux 

 mixture. 



Copper oxychlorid as a fungicide for the grape mildew, E. Chuard {Terre 

 Vaud., 2 {1910), No. IS, pp. 205, 206). — A description is given of copper oxy- 

 chlorid, which the author says is marketed under the name Cuprosa Powder 

 or, when mixed with sulphur, as Cuprosa Sulphur. Attention is called to its 

 value as a possible substitute for other fungicides. 



Fungus diseases of the apple and pear, F. L. Stevens {North Carolina Sta. 

 Bui. 206, pp. 87-126, figs. 29).— Descriptions are given of several diseases of 



