462 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



as frequenting or attacking cotton are : Murgantia histrionica, Poclisus macul- 

 iventris, P. acutissimus, Proxijs punctulattis, and Stiretrus anchorago. Tliree 

 species of leaf-footed plant bugs, Leptoglossus phyUoims, L. oppositus, and L. 

 zonatns are mentioned as attacking cotton bolls, the first named being the one 

 most commonly found in cotton fields. The natural enemies of coreids destruc- 

 tive to cotton mentioned are 2 egg parasites, Hadronotus anasw and Acaiitho- 

 cephala (Metapodius) femorata, and a tachinid fly {Trichopoda pcnnipcs). 

 Thus far the only species of the family Capsidai which has proved itself im- 

 portant as a cotton pest is the cotton leaf-bug {Calocoris rapidus). Lygseids 

 mentioned as injuring cotton are Nysius angustatus, Oncopeltus fasciatus, and 

 Lygwiis turcicus. Two pyrrhocorids, the bordered plant bug {Largus suc- 

 cinct us) and the cotton stainer are also briefly considered. 



The cultural methods of controlling the boll weevil, especially the destruc- 

 tion in the fall of all cotton plants in the field, are in part of importance in 

 the control of plant bugs. "Associated with these methods, and probably of 

 equal importance, is the practice of destroying early in the season wild food 

 plants of the plant bugs which attack cotton, thus checking the multiplication 

 of the insects which later turn their attention to the cotton bolls. . . . 

 Under certain circumstances contact insecticides may be of use against plant 

 bugs in cotton fields, but only wlien they occur in such excessive abundance 

 that all methods of collecting are impractical. Kerosene emulsion will prob- 

 ably prove the most effective spraJ^ but before using on a large scale prelim- 

 inary tests should be made to determine the required strength." Good results 

 are said to have been obtained from hand picking the conchuela and the cotton 

 stainer. 



Report of entomologist, E. W. Berger {Florida Sta. Rpt. 1909, pp. XXXV- 

 XLV, fig. 1). — In the investigation of citrus white flies, Aleyrodes nuhifera 

 was found to occur in several localities not previously noted ; up to the present 

 time it has only been found on citrus. During the year several food plants of 

 A. citri were discovered, namely, green ash {Frarinus lanceolatus), wild olive 

 {Osmanthus americanus), and button bush {Cephalanthus occidentalis). A. 

 cifri was found on a leaf of Onshu orange received from the Province of 

 Nagasaki, Japan, a number of white fly larvje upon the leaf being infected with 

 red Ascliersonia (.4. alcyrodis). From a communication accompanying the 

 leaf it was learned that the white fly has not been found in orange groves out- 

 side of Nagasaki and Kiushiu. Dried larvae and pupa cases of A. citri were 

 found on citrus leaves received from Saharanpur, India, some 6 years previous. 



What appears to be another fungus disease of the white fly (Sporotrichum 

 sp.) was observed during the year. This fungus was found in a grove near 

 Gainesville and later at Orlando, occurring mainly on adult white flies, but also 

 on larvffi. Two attempts to introduce the yellow fungus and the brown 

 fungus on A. citri were made at Gainesville. The author concludes that the 

 yellow fungus is not a natural disease of A. citri but of A. nubifera, upon which 

 it is thriving in several parts of the State. Field experiments and observa- 

 tions of fungi are reported in detail. Analysis of honeydew of A. citri shows 

 an average of 7 per cent glucose and 24 per cent sucrose for the dried residue. 

 A number of specimens of Manatee snail (BuUmulus dormani) were received 

 from Plymouth, where they were found cleaning ofC the sooty mold fungus 

 from stems, leaves, and fruit. 



Gold-dust and several other soaps were tested as spraying mixtures. It is 

 concluded that any good contact insecticide will bo effective against white fly 

 larvie in the spring and summer, even when diluted sufficiently so as not to 

 injure trees or fruit. It is best to spray when the greatest number of larvie 

 are in the first to third and flat early fourth stages, which condition exists in 



