METEOROLOGY — WATER. 515 



results, to adopt benzoic acid as tlie one single standard against which to 

 standardize the bomb, and to accept 6,322 calories iier gram as its heat of 

 combustion. This is the value accredited to Stohhmann, and this value ought 

 to remain the standard until it has been definitely proven to be erroneous and 

 a new value in some way officially recognized and accepted." 



Report of the chemical laboratory of the Swedish Moor Culture Associa- 

 tion, 1909, II. voN Feilitzen (Svoiskn Mosskiiltiirfor. Tidskr., 2-'f (ID 10), No. 

 2, Sui)., vp. lo-i).'i). — Results of examinations of 1,181 samples of soils, marl and 

 lime, fertilizers, and other agricultural products are summarized in the report. 



Vinegar and its making {Michigan Sta. Girc. 9, pp. 65, 66). — A short de- 

 scription of the process of manufacture, bacteriology, and legal requirements for 

 vinegar. 



The manufacture of vinegar from fermented sugar-beet juice {Deut. 

 EssigiHdKS.. IJ, {1910), Xos. 15. pp. Ill, 112; l(i, pp. 117-119; 17, pp. 12',, 125).— 

 The results of tests to determine the feasibility of producing vinegar electro- 

 lytically from sugar beets are here reported. 



The electrolytic oxidation of ethyl alcohol to acetic acid, P. Askenasy, 

 R. Leiser and X. Grunstein {Ztschi: Elcktrochem., 15 {1909), No. 21, pp. 8-'/6- 

 860, figs. 6; Deut. Essigindus., U {1910), Nos. 9, pp. 65-67, figs. 4; 10, pp. 73-75, 

 fig. 1; 11, pp. 81-83; 12, pp. 89, 90; 13, pp. 97-99).— From the results it is con- 

 cluded that there exists a probability of producing this acid by electrolysis on a 

 commercial scale. 



METEOROLOGY— WATER. 



The mechanics of the earth's atmosphere, C. Abbe {Smithsn. Misc. Collect., 

 51, No. 1869, pp. IV +617, pi. 1, figs. 122).— This is the third collection of trans- 

 lations of articles bearing upon this subject and includes the following : Con- 

 cerning the Cause of the General Trade Winds, by G. Hadley ; On the Motion of 

 Projec'tiles in the Air, Taking into Consideration the Rotation of the Earth, by 

 S. D. Poisson; On the Rotary Action of Storms, by C. Tracy; The Influence of 

 the Diurnal Rotation of the Earth on Constrained Horizontal Motions, Either 

 Uniform or ^'ariable, by N. Braschmann and A. Erman ; On the Steady Motions 

 or the Average Condition of the Earth's Atmosphere, and The Limit of the 

 Atmosphere of the Earth, by A. Kerber; On the Paths of Particles Moving 

 Freely on the Rotating Surface of the Earth and Their Significance in Meteorol- 

 ogy, by A. Sprung; The Theory of the Formation of Precipitation on Mountain 

 Slopes, by S. Pockels; Researches Relative to the Influence of the Diurnal Ro- 

 tation of the Earth on Atmospheric Disturbances, by M. Gorodensky ; The Re- 

 lation P>etweeu Wind Velocity at One Thousand Meters Altitude and the Sur- 

 face Pressure Distribution, by E. Gold ; Studies on the Movements of the Atmos- 

 phere, by C. M. Guldberg and H. Mohn ; On the Thermodynamics of the Atmos- 

 phere, Theoretical Considerations Relative to the Results of the Scientific Bal- 

 loon Ascensions of the German Association at Berlin for the Promotion of Aero- 

 nautics, On the Reduction of the Humidity Data Obtained in Balloon Ascen- 

 sions. On the Changes of Temperature in Ascending and Descending Currents of 

 Air, On the Theory of Cyclones, On the Representation of the Distribution of 

 Atmospheric I'ressure by Surfaces of Equal I'ressure and by Isobars, The Inter- 

 change of Heat at the Surface of the Earth and in the Atmosi)here, and On 

 Climatological Averages for Complete Small Circles of Latitude, by W. von 

 Bezold ; Adiabatic Changes of Condition of Moist Air and Their Determination 

 by Numerical and Graphical Methods, by O. Neuhoff; The Relation Between 

 '•Potential Temperature" and "Entropy," by L. A. Bauer; The Mechanical 

 Equivalent of Any Given Distribution of Atmospheric Pressure and the Main- 



