ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 573 



The cost of winter grazing in East Norfolk. :m. C. H. Bird {Jour. Roy. 

 Agr. Sac. England, 10 (1909), pp. S2-9S).— This information was obtained by 

 sending out letters of inquiry to feeders of East Norfolk, England, who buy 

 store bullocks in the fall, turn them out to pasture for a time, .-ind then put 

 them in the feed lot with turnips and concentrates as the main part of the 

 ration. 



The average figures received from 40 graziers were as follows : The number 

 of weeks spent in fattening was 21^, net gain in value per animal 10s. 6d., 

 amount of roots given per day 1.33 lbs., weight of chaff per day G lbs., other 

 feeds 7f lbs., total cost per day, including Gd. per week for labor, Hid. Some 

 of the conclusions reached were that local graziers are not making so Inrge a 

 profit as they hitherto had thought; that the longer the animal is kept after 16 

 weeks the more uncertain the profit ; and that the heaviest feeders do not always 

 make the gi'eatest gains. 



Feeding- experiments, 1909-10, A. D. Favili.e {Wyoming Sta. Bui. 85, pp. 

 3-12, figs. 2). — In a lamb feeding test the average daily gains per head made in 

 91 days by 4 lots of lambs, of 41 head each, were as follows: On corn and 

 alfalfa 0.35 lb., barley and alfalfa 0.28 lb., enimer and alfalfa 0.29 lb., and corn 

 and native hay 0.25 lb. The result with barley was low, as 4 of the lambs did 

 not thrive, but through no fault of the grain. The lot fwl emmer ate consider- 

 abh' more than those fed alfalfa or corn. It required 225 lbs., or 28 per cent, 

 less alfalfa, and Go lbs., or 21 per cent less grain per 100 lbs. of grain when 

 corn replaced barley in the ration. The average shrinkage of lambs on arriv- 

 ing at the Denver market was 8.3 lbs. per head. It is stated that better 

 results would have been obtained with native hay had linseed or cotton-seed 

 cake been used as a part of the grain ration, but the object of the experiment 

 was to approach as closely as possible the average AVybming feeding condition. 



Corn and barley were compared as concentrates in rations for G yearling 

 Hereford heifers during a period of 77 days. The average daily gain per 

 head on corn was 1.73 lbs., and on barley 1.79 lbs. The gains in both cases 

 were satisfactory. The lot fed barley ate slightly more native hay, which was 

 used for roughage. 



Analyses of the feeds used are reported. 



Protein requirements of growing cattle under one year of age, P. X. Flint 

 {Georgia Sta. Bui. 90, pp. 87-105, figs. 12, chart 1). — This bulletin reports the 

 results of experiments with 19 steers and 4 heifers to determine the protein 

 requirements of calves, principally of the dairy type. 



In a preliminary period of 30 days each animal was fed as prescribed by the 

 Wolff-Lehmaini feeding standards. The experiment consisted of 2 jieriods of 8S 

 days each. " It was the original purpose to feed lot 2 as preseribetl by the 

 feeding standards, and lots 1 and 3 25 per cent less and 25 per cent more pro- 

 tein, respectively, than prescribed by those standards, the carbohydrate and 

 fat content of the rations in each case being the same as prescribed by the 

 feeding standards. In calculating the results, however, it was found that none 

 of the animals consumed as much of the digestible fnod nutrients as was 

 intended." 



The ration consisted of corn meal, linseed meal, alfalfa hay, and oat straw, 

 in amounts based on the live weight, using the fetnling standards jis a guide. 

 "At the beginning of the second period 4 iiniuials from lot 1, 3 from lot 2, 

 and 4 from lot 3 were taken out of their respective lots and fed upon a different 

 basis. With the exception of one ... a report is not herein made of the tests 

 with these animals." 



