576 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



iuclosures in one form or another can possibly be constructed in connection 

 with most lambing camps. 



It is concluded that range grazed under the pasturage system will carry from 

 25 to 50 per cent more sheep than when grazed under the herding system. This 

 conclusion varies slightly from the previous report, and is due not to the test for 

 carrying capacity but to the belief that an excellent herder can, to a consider- 

 able extent, allow his sheep freedom and Ijeep them quiet, thereby increasing the 

 carrying capacity of his range. 



" It is probable that one energetic man, who understands the nature of the 

 difficulties that may arise, can properly care for 4 iuclosures similar to the ex- 

 perimental coyote-proof pasture [of 2,560 acres], inspecting 2 each day. In case 

 of emergency, the 4 iuclosures could be looked after in 1 day. Under such an 

 arrangement 1 man would care for from 8,000 to 10,000 head of sheep. 



The Lonk [breed of sheep], W. R. Peel {Jour. Roy. Agr. Soc. England, 10 

 (1909), pp. 111-118, figs. 2). — This is an account of an old but little known breed 

 of sheep peculiar to the hills along the boundary between Yorkshire and Lanca- 

 shire, England. In some respects the breed resembles the Black-face Scotch, 

 but the wool is liner and shorter. The mutton is said to be of superior quality 

 and the fertility of the breeding stock is considerably above the average of most 

 other breeds. 



Wool growing and the tariff, C. W. Wright (Boston and Neio York, 1910, 

 pp. XIII +362, charts 4). — This book is not a narrative history of the woolen 

 business, but a study of the broad movements in order to determine the extent 

 to which changes in the tariff molded the fate of the sheep industry and to sup- 

 ply a knowledge of other forces which are at work determining its course. The 

 author finds that the generally frontier character of wool growing in this 

 country and the general revolution of the industry to have been the main factors. 



Concerning the tariff, the author says: "In short, the most that can be said 

 for the tariff is that, by raising the price of wool above that in the world's mar- 

 ket, it has somewhat increased the number of sheep in the country, chiefly since 

 the war and during the time after the rise of the industry in the Far West where 

 the basis was independent of general farming. But though the tariff has meant 

 a greater number of sheep than would otherwise be kept, our study points to 

 the conclusion that the increase thus brought about is but a relatively small 

 proportion of the total. The assertion, frequently met, that the very existence 

 of the sheep industry of the country depends on the duties finds no substanti- 

 ation in the facts of history. 



"As for the future, there seems at least a chance that the tariff may play a 

 more prominent part than heretofore. Present tendencies point to a decline in 

 sheep raising as an independent industry mainly for wool. Mutton will in- 

 creasingly become of first importance, and wool secondary. In the East, where 

 sheep promise to be incidental to general farming, and wool subordinate to 

 mutton, the basis of the industry will be such that the tariff on wool can be of 

 but comparatively slight moment. In the West, which offers far larger possi- 

 bilities and a more independent basis, the competition of the foreign grower is 

 likely to become more serious, and there, in the main seat of the industry, pro- 

 tection can do much more for the wool grower. Still, in that section also, just 

 so far as mutton becomes the main object in place of wool, to that extent the 

 weight of this foreign rivalry will be lessened, the security of the industry 

 strengthened, and the influence of the tariff diminished." 



" Wool is the economist's classic example of a by-product. . . . The grower 

 has to consider the price of the other products of the sheep in order to 

 determine the price at which he can sell his wool or whether he can keep sheep 



