HORTICULTURE. 641 



A summary is given of the condition of tlie Californiii vlticultiiral industry 

 at tlie time when the investigations were l)egun, inchullng a general discussion 

 of the factors involved in the attempts to reconstruct phylloxera-infested vine- 

 yards. The scope and purpose of the investigations are discussed in detail. They 

 include a comprehensive test of resistant varieties of vines to determine their 

 adaptability to the different vineyard soils and climatic conditions, studies of 

 the congeniality of the Vinifera varieties to the different resistant stock varie- 

 ties, and the behavior of fruiting varieties to determine which are best adapted 

 to different localities. All classes of grapes are also being considered with ref- 

 erence to their resistance to destructive insects and diseases. 



Descriptions are given of the 11 experimental vineyards, including soil 

 analyses and climatic records. Fourteen species which have proved sutficiently 

 resistant to merit further testing are described and data are given showing the 

 year of planting in each vineyard of resistant and direct producing varieties, as 

 well as the relative rate of growth of each as noted in the autumn of 1908. 

 Similar data are given for Vinifera varieties grafted on resistant stocks, and for 

 varieties growing on their own roots. The resistant stocks are also grouped 

 according to soil adaptability as indicated by their use in foreign countries. 



The experimental vineyards now contain 277 resistant stock varieties and 

 415 Vinifera varieties of which 271.are grafted on various resistant stocks. The 

 resistant qualities of the varieties are being tested by means of phylloxera 

 inoculation. Detailed records are being kept of the starting, blossoming, yield, 

 and defoliation of all the varieties, the relative rooting qualities of the stocks, 

 specific methods of pruning, training, grafting, etc., and the congeniality of the 

 stocks to the Vinifei-a varieties. It has already been determined that under 

 like conditions of growth, the sweetness and acidity of the fruit as well as its 

 time of ripening are materially influenced by the congeniality of the graft and 

 stock. Similar ratings of the growth of a variety grafted on various stocks are 

 found to be accompanied by fairly definite percentages of sugar and acid. 

 Progress is reported in the making of varietal descriptions, and the work is being 

 widened in its scope by the distribution of vines and cuttings to collaborators in 

 different parts of the Vinifera region. In the concluding notes the adaptability 

 of different species to different methods of propagation is indicated. Thus far 

 it appears that hybrids between Rijiaria and Rupestris varieties will pi'ove to be 

 among the stocks best suited for California conditions, the best of them com- 

 bining in themselves the better qualities of both parents. 



Artificial date ripening, A. E. Vinson and W. H. Ross (Arizona Sia. Rpt. 

 1909, pp. 590-593). — A summarized account of work previously noted (E. S. R., 

 22, p. 703). 



The Heeleaka Experimental Station investigations during the seasons of 

 1905, 1906, and 1907, C. M. Hutchinson (Iiidian Tea Assoc. \PamphUt] 1, 

 J90H, PI). .31, pis. 5). — This report embraces the results of manuring, pruning, 

 plucking, and cultural experiments secured during the 3 years of the station's 

 existence, as previously reported (K. S. R., 10. p. 048). 



The 3 years' results in manurial experiments have led to the following gen- 

 eral conclusions : On such light soils as that of the station, oil cake is the most 

 economical manure tried as a means of renovating old tea. A complete fer- 

 tilizer such as a combination of superphosphate, sulphate of potash, and 

 nitrate of soda can undoubtedly be utilized successfully for the same purpose, 

 although at a higher cost. A complete fertilizer jjroduccs a better effect than 

 any of its component elements used alone. The oil cake gave better n-sults 

 when ai)plied in small annual doses than in larger amounts at longer intervals. 



The increased yields of leaf pnxluct'd l»y the use of green niiiruires are very 

 small when compared with the general manurial treatments, but they are 



