554 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Injury to foliage by Bordeaux mixture, E. S. Salmon (Jour. Bd. Agr. 

 [London], 11 (1910), A'o. 2, i>l>- 103-113). — The author discusses the injuries 

 often caused by the use of Bordeaux mixture on the foliage and fruit of 

 apples, peaches, and other fruits, and suggests the probable causes of these 

 injuries and precautions that may prove effective in reducing the damage. 



The injuries from the use of Bordeaux mixture on apple leaves may take one 

 of three fornii? : (1) Brown spots which soon fall out, giving the leaf a "shot- 

 hole" appearance, or, if on the edges, a jagged appearance; (2) a scorching 

 of the edges or tips of the leaves; or (3) a yellowing or browning of the entire 

 leaf, which subsequently falls. On the fruit the injury may take the form of 

 russeting, or splotches may appear on the young apples, or, in severe cases, the 

 apples may crack. 



The russeting of the fruit was found to be most frequent where the spraying 

 was done 10 to 14 days after the fruit was set. Some varieties of apples seem 

 to be more susceptible to Bordeaux mixture injury than others, while the higher 

 the pressure of the spray stream the greater the injury. The following precau- 

 tions are suggested: (1) Use a nozzle which throws a fine misty spray, and 

 quit spraying before the trees begin to drip; (2) give varieties of apples that 

 are susceptible to Bordeaux mixture injuries a very slight spraying with 

 Bordeaux mixture 3:3:50 or substitute a lime-sulphur spray; (3) spray im- 

 mediately after the blossoms fall, and again if necessary when the apples are 

 about three fourths grown; and (4) use freshly prepared Bordeaux mixture 

 made from the best lump quicklime. 



Lime-sulphur mixtures and their influence on copper sprays, Tetznef 

 (Dcut. Ohsthnu Zff>., 1!>10, A'o. 1 ',, pp. 17!>, /8(9).— This is a brief discussion of 

 the value of lime-sulphur sprays, both as insecticides and fungicides, and of 

 their probable use in place of Bordeaux mixture in certain cases where the 

 latter is known to injure the foliage of the sprayed plants. 



Effect of alkaline polysulphids on spraying apparatus, L. Hugounenq 

 (Prog. Agr. ei Vit. (Ed. VEst-Crntre), 31 (1910), No. 21, pp. 629, 630),— Atten- 

 tion is called to the frequent complaints that the use of alkaline polysulphids 

 as fungicides is followed by injury to the spraying apparatus. Various methods 

 have been suggested, such as tinning the interior of all spi-aying apparatus, but 

 the author states that thoroughly rinsing the spray pump with clear water 

 after use is all that is necessary for its protection. 



A horseback sprayer for fruit growers, J. Honings (Dcut. Ohsthau Ztg., 

 1910, No. Ill, pp. 173-175, figs. 2). — A description is given of a spraying outfit 

 suitable for closely planted fruit trees, berries, or other crops where a wagon 

 can not readily be used, and which is designed to be carried on the back of a 

 horse while the spray is being applied. 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY— ENTOMOLOGY. 



Directory of ofiicials and organizations concerned with the protection of 

 birds and game, 1910, T. S. I'almer (U. S. Dcpt. Agr., Bur. Bud. tiurvcy Circ. 

 IJf, pp. 16). — This, the eleventh annual directory of oflacials and organizations 

 concerned with the pi'otection of birds and game in the United States and 

 Canada, has been arranged on the same plan as the directories issued each 

 year since 1900, and has been revised to July 15, 1910. The addresses are 

 grouped under 4 headings: State officials, national organizations, state organiza- 

 tions, and Audubon societies. 



