652 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



the codling moth and other insect pests. As regards spray injnries, all the 

 fungicides containing copper russeted the frnit of the Ben Davis from 10 to 60 

 per cent. The " copper sulphid mixture " made from self-boiled lime-sulphur mix- 

 ture was the least injurious copper spray to the fruit of Ben Davis (10 per 

 cent), while the neutral Bordeaux mixtures proved the worst, even injuring 

 the fruit of Yorli Imperial, followed by standard Bordeaux mixture 3 : 3 : 50, 

 which gave 60 per cent of injui*y to Ben Davis fruits. Copper poisoning oc- 

 curred also on the leaves, damaging them to a greater extent than the fruit, 

 and reaching as high as 80 per cent on Yellow Newton when Bordeaux mixtures 

 were used. Adding certain materials, such as gypsum, iron sulithate, and lime 

 sulphur, to Bordeaux mixture in all cases reduced the injury, but did not en- 

 tirely prevent it, except in the case of the self-boiled lime-sulphur mixture in 

 part, where a new compound was formed. The new " copper sulphid mixture " 

 (No. 7), tested for the first time, proved very effective and almost entirely non- 

 injurious, except to the fruit of Ben Davis. The new "iron sulphid mixture" 

 (No. 9) was entirely harmless and gave remarkably good results, except that it 

 produced distinctly greener fruit, which can probal)ly be avoided by allowing 

 the fruit to remain longer on the trees. It gave the most perfect protection from 

 fungi, the fruit having no infection whatever, and the leaves only 0.5 per cent. 

 The foliage on this plat had a fine, dark green color, and held on later than any 

 other leaves in the orchard. The twigs, were also stockier and the buds finer 

 than on any other plat, although the self-boiled lime sulphur was a close second. 

 During the summer the " iron sulphid mixtures " spray adhered so closely and 

 was so abundant as to give the trees a brownish appearance, but this wore ofl: by 

 picking time. The arsenate of lead used alone seemed to possess considerable 

 fungicidal value, but is probably not to be depended upon for general use. 



The bitter pit of the apple, D. McAlpine (Jour. Dept. Agr. Victoria, 8 

 (1910), .Yo. .'/. ijp. 201, 202; Producers Rev., 5 {1910), IVo. 2, p. 52).— This is a 

 physiological disease characterized by a spotting of the fruit due to an abnormal 

 flow and sudden checking of the sap during the period of fruit formation. 



Experiments conducted during a number of years with A'arious fertilizers 

 indicate that complete fertilizers aggravate the disease. The effects of iron 

 sulphate and magnesium sulphate were also tried, each salt being usetl at the 

 rate of 3 lbs. per tree. Although the iron sulphate gave a deep green color to 

 the leaves and an extra good yield, there were pitted apples all over the trees, 

 and the disease developed further in storage. 



No adequate remedy for this disease has yet been found. 



The bleeding stem disease of the coconut, T. Fetch (Circs, and Agr. Jour, 

 Roy. Bot. Gard. Ceylon, J, (1909), No. 22, pp. 197-305, pis. -})•— I" a previous 

 paper (E. S. R., 22, p. 248) attention was called to the characteristics of and 

 remedies for this disease (Thielaviop.sis ethaceticus). In this paper a more 

 elaboi-ate discussion is given on the effects of the disease, its influence on the 

 crop, the distribution, cause, general l)iology of the fungus, efforts of various 

 chemicals on the growth of the fungus, treatment, methods and suggested 

 sources of infection and other causes of bleeding, and the distribution of the 

 fungus in other countries. 



On the relationship of certain coniferous diseases to the orig'inal source 

 of the seed, D. Frombling (Forstw. Centbl., n. ser., 32 (1910), No. -',, pp. 193- 

 200). — The author discusses the probable relationship that may exist between 

 the outbreak of certain coniferous diseases, such as larch canker (Prziza irill- 

 kommii), spruce scab ( Hysteriiivi innrrosporinn). and needle cast iLophodcr- 

 mium pinasiri). and the source from which the original tree seetl came. It is 

 claimed that large quantities of such seeds have been sold which came from 

 other countries or fi-om localities with different climatic and soil environments 



