DISEASES OF PLANTS. 653 



from that in which they were destined to lie used, and that under these new 

 conditions tlie trees from such seeds will be more susceptible to serious epi- 

 demics of disease. 



Leaf shedding in conifers due to Botrytis cinerea (Bd. Agr. and Fiaheries 

 [London'], Leaflet 23-',, pp. 3, fig. i).— A brief description is given of the charac- 

 teristics of this disease, which has been recorded as attacking the seedlings of 

 several species of conifers. 



The following preventive measures are suggested: (1) Perfect cleanliness in 

 the seed bed is of primary importance, and no dead or dying weeds, plants, etc., 

 should be left on the bed, as the Botrytis will infest these and go from them 

 to the leaves of the seedlings; (2) stable manure when used on the beds should 

 be perfectly buried in the soil; (3) low lying situations should be avoided, as 

 nursery sites; (4) when the disease is present there should be spraying with a 

 solution made of 11 lbs. sulphate of copper, 16 lbs. carbonate of copper, 1 lb. 

 permanganate of potash, and 3 lbs. soft soap, dissolved in 100 gal. of rain 

 water; (5) all diseased seedlings should be collected and burned. 



The fight against the pine tree rot fungus, A. Molleb (Ztschr. Forst. u. 

 Jagdw., J,2 (19 JO), lYo. 3. pp. 129-146).— The author discusses the various 

 methods used in combating this fungus (Trametes pini), which has become a 

 dangerous forest parasite throughout Germany. 



The remedies recommended are the removal as far as possible of all infected 

 trees, the cutting out of all sporophores on trees left standing, and the tarring 

 over of the wounds thus formed. This will usually prevent the formation of 

 new sporophores at these points, but not on other parts of diseased trees. At 

 suitable intervals, not longer than every 5 years, all mature trees should be 

 thoroughly examined for infection. 



If these methods are followed it is claimed that in time the fungus will 

 become rare in forests thus treated. 



Infection experiments with Plasmodiophora brassicae, O. Appel and E. 

 Werth (Mitt. K. Biol. Anst. Land i(. Forst iv., 1910, Xo. 10, pp. 11, IS).— In ex- 

 periments with this parasite on Eriisimum strictum, Sisi/mbrinm austriacum, 

 S. strictissimmn, and Raphanus sativus, the roots of both the Sisymbrium 

 species showed large and irregular warty outgrowths. On the Erysimum large 

 fissured cracks were formed, while on R. salivus no deformation occurred, but 

 the attacked parts of the roots were blackened and turned somewhat moldy. 



Summer felled wood, J. Schorstein (Ostcn: Forst u. Jagd Ztg., 27 (1909), 

 No. Ji2, pp. 368, 369. fig. 1). — It was found by experiments that pine and fir 

 trees cut in the summer were more susceptible to the attacks of the timber-rot 

 fungus (Merulius lacrimans) than when cut in the fall or winter, on account 

 of the quantity and character of their water content at that time of the year. 



It is recommended that timber be cut only in the fall, as the sap at that time 

 contains substances unfavorable to the germination of the fungus spores. 



Some new parasitic fungi of ornamental plants, G. Trinciiieri (BuI. Orto 

 Bot. R. IJnir. yapoli. 2 (1909), \o. 3, pp. J,09-.',16; Rend. Accad. Set. Fis. e 

 Mat. N a poll, 3. ser., 15 (1909), No. 3-//, pp. 87-93).— The author describes as 

 new the following fungi: Metasphwria aloes n. sp., on the dried scapes of Aloes 

 pUcatilis; Phyllosticta carnrw n. sp., forming irregular, brownish-gray to dirty 

 white spots on both surfaces of the leaves of Anthurium crassincrvii ; Phoma 

 aloicola n. sp., on the dried scapes of Aloes brevifoliw; and Microdiplodia an- 

 thurii n. sp. and Gloeosporium antliuriophilum n. sp. on the leaves of Antliunnm 

 crassinervii. 



A geranium disease due to eelworms. J. C. Ciiapais (Ann. Rpt. Quebec ^or. 

 Protcc. Plants [etc.], 1 (1908-9), pp. 37-39).— X brief description is given of 

 the appearance of geranium itl.ints when attacked l)y eelworms {Aniiuillula 



