VETERINARY MEDICINE. 681 



" Ghee, as clarified milk fat, must be carefully distiiigiiislied from so-called 

 Indian butter, which contains the other usual milk constituents, and accord- 

 ingly keeps badly. . . . The nomenclature of this subject, as stated above, has 

 been confused on account of the application of the term ' ghee butter ' to the 

 vegetable fat obtained from the seeds of the Bassia hutyraccaJ" Both animal 

 and vegetable fats are used to adulterate ghee. The vegetable substances 

 used in this connection include coconut, ground-nut, cotton-seed, safilower, 

 poppy-seed, sesame, and niger-seed oils. Mahua, salvadora (kharkan fat), and 

 castor oil are also sometimes used but are considered injurious. Physical and 

 chemical constants of several sami)les of ghee are given. 



VETERINAEY MEDICINE. 



Handbook of serumtherapy, edited by A. Wolff- Eisner (Handhuch der 

 Sentnitli('r(ii)ic. Munich, 1910, pp. VIII+4O8, pi. 1, charts .9).— This work, 

 which is the forerunner of a series to be iniblished. is divided into a gener.il and 

 a special part. 



The general part considers antitoxic and bactericidal sera, active immuniza- 

 tion, and hypersusceptibility. Among the subjects treated in the special part 

 are the serumtherapy of diphtheria, tetanus, snake venom, dysentery, typhoid, 

 and protozoan diseases, autoserumtherapy, stai)hylococcic. antistreptococcic, 

 antimeningococcic, anthrax, cholera, Deutschmann, and hay fever serums, 

 eclampsia, vaccine therapy, principles of modern antiferment serum treatment, 

 principles of chemotherapliy, serum treatment of malignant tumors, thera- 

 peutics, the significance of Wassermann's reaction, and the specific treatment of 

 tuberculosis. 



Serobiological behavior of sexual cells, W. P. Dunbar {Ztschr. Iminuni- 

 tdtsf. u. E.rpt. Titer., I, OrUj., .) (1910), No. 6, pp. 740-760).— Male and female 

 sexual cells in the same type of plant or animal behave serobiologically among 

 themselves like nonrelated types. The same holds good in regard to the other 

 tissue of the same animal or plant. 



Serologic studies with the aid of the optical method, E. Abderiialden and 

 L. PiNcussoHN (Ztsclir. Plnjsiol. Client., 66 {1910). Xo. 1-2, pp. 8S-105, charts 

 87). — The authors believe from the results obtained that possibly each micro- 

 organism has a typical breaking down in-ocess for synthetically prepared 

 polypeptids of known constitution. Tests were conducted with the serum of 

 glandered animals and extracts of the glanders bacillus, diphtheria toxin and 

 antitoxin, antistreptococcic serum, pyocyanase, ricin, cobra venom, and yeast 

 press juice. 



Serologic investigation with variola vera, Dahm (Ccitthl. Bakf. [etc.], 1. 

 Abt., Ori(j., 51 {1909), No. 2, pp. 136-138). — Serum from cases of variola vera 

 produced a complete inhibition of hemolysis. The antigens used were animal 

 lymph and spleen and liver extracts. 



Subcutaneous reaction of rabbits to horse serum, J, 11. M. Knox, W. L. 

 Moss and G. L. Brown {Jour. Expt. Med., 12 {1910), No. J,, pp. 562-57.',).— 

 "Anaphyhixis or allergj^ of rabbits against horse serum can be proved by sub- 

 cutaneous test. . . . Undiluted horse serum was used for most of the experi- 

 ments. The amount injected varied from 0.01 cc. to 1 cc. The reaction seemed 

 as definite after 0.01 cc. as after a larger quantity. 



" The si>ecific reaction ap])ears in from 12 to 24 hours after the test is made 

 and reaches its maxinuun in from 24 to 3(5 hours. It consists of a local swelling 

 extending from 0.5 to 2 cm. from the point of inoculation. The skin involved in 

 the raised area is usually red and hotter than the surrounding skin. Macro- 



