682 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



scopically and microscopically the reacting area has the appearance of a local 

 acute iuflauimatiou. 



"The altered reactivity (allergy) or hypersusceptibility (anaphylaxis) sets 

 in usually in from 10 to 15 days after the first injection of horse serum, and 

 lasts at least 3 months. Individual I'abbits show marked variation from the 

 average time of the development of anaphylaxis. The appearance of precipituis 

 against horse serum in the blood of rabbits appears nearly synchronously with 

 the allergic condition. After large injections of serum the allergic rabbits still 

 react subcutaneously. A suppression of allergy which would correspond to the 

 so-called antianaphylaxis could not be proved. Also in regard to the offspring 

 of injected rabbits the subcutaneous test was not positive. The young of these 

 rabbits did not develop a more active allergy than the young of normal rabbits. 

 Neither the injection of considerable quantities of horse serum nor the develop- 

 ment of a marked local reaction in the skin after intradermal inoculations of 

 horse serum in a sensitized rabbit is accompanied or followed by greater varia- 

 tions in the number or types of leucocytes in the circulating blood than is found 

 in control animals." 



Studies upon anaphylaxis, -with, special reference to the antibodies con- 

 cerned, J. F. Anderson and W. H. Frost (I'ub. Health ami 2Iar. Jlosp. Scrr. 

 U. S., Hyg. Lab. Bid. 6//, j)]). 56). — This work deals chiefly with a study of the 

 anaphylactic antibody (termed allergin by the authors) for the purpose of 

 studying some of the principles concerned in anaphylaxis. Particular attention 

 has been given to the quantitative relations which exist between allergin and 

 its specific antigen, and further to the relation of allergin to the conditions of 

 hypersusceptibility, antianaphylaxis, and iiinnnnity. 



The excretion of antitoxin and precipitinogen by the mammary gland 

 with, passively immunized mothers, Sohma {Monatsschr. Getmrtsh. u. Gijiui- 

 koL, 30 (100!)), ijp. 47o-J,S8; ahs. in Hyg. Rundschau, 20 {1910), No. 11, p. 596).— 

 Tetanus antitoxin produced from horses was injected and from the results it 

 is noted that antitoxin passes over in the milk in very perceptible amounts. 

 It can easily be detected for 11 days but after 23 days the milk is free from 

 antitoxin. 



It was also possible to detect horse protein for a certain length of time 

 serobiologically. The serum of the young which were nourished by the passively 

 immunized mothers, in contradistinction from actively immunized mothers, 

 contains no antitoxin and horse protein, or only traces. 



The composition and some characteristics of the leucocytes, S. Manctni 

 (Biochem. Ztschr., 26 (1910), No. 1-2, pp. i.}0-J'4S).— The results of analysis 

 of horse leucocytes are given, with a method for obtaining them in a clean 

 state. Also considered are the enzyms of the leucocytes and the behavior of 

 these towards saponin and tetanus toxin. 



On bactericidal substances extracted from normal leucocytes, II. Zinsser 

 (Jour. Med. Research, 22 (1910), ISio. 3, pp. 397-^33). — The bodies extracted 

 by freezing in salt solution and ordinary aqueous solution for noi-mal rabbit 

 leucocytes had a distinct bactericidal action for the Staphylococcus pyogenes 

 and Bacillus typhosus. These bodies were thermostable at 56° C. but thermol- 

 abile at 75° and above. Reactivation by adding fresh leucocyte extract to 

 extracts heated to 80° is not possible. On comparing the bactericidal power of 

 these extracts with normal serum it is seen that quantitatively the latter far 

 exceeds the former. Immunization did not increase the power of the leucocyte 

 substance when B. ti/phosus was employed. 



Biology of the phagocytes: Influence of the calcium ions on chemotaxis, 

 H. J. Hamburger (Biochem. Ztschr., 26 (1910), No. 1-2. pi>. 6'6'-.S//).— Calcium 

 enhances chemotaxis considerably; this it does both in \itro and in vivo. 



