684 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD, 



neus, Puenmococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, B. typhosus, and chicken cholera. 

 The typhoid and chidden cholera bacteria extracts had no bactericidal action. 



The author concludes as the result of his work with alcoholic and other 

 extracts that the belief that lipoid substances are actively bactericidal is thus 

 strengthened. 



The use of the precipitation layer test for diagnosing glanders, Miessner 

 {CentbL Bald, [e/c], 1. Altt., Orig., 51 (IDOO), No. 2, pp. iS,5-iS9).— By placing 

 a layer of glanders bacilli extract or one of Foth malleinum siccuiu (1:10) 

 upon a serum from a glandered horse, a precipitation ring will be obtained which 

 is specific. 



About tetanotoxin and tetanoantitoxin, S. P. von Fedorow and P. C. Ikon- 

 NiKOW (Cciithl. Bald. Vctc.^, 1. Aht., Orig., 5', {1910), No. J,, pp. 352-355).— 

 Tetanus toxin and tetanus antitoxin, prepared in a dry, pulverulent form, re- 

 tained its specific characteristics for a period over 15 years. The minimum 

 lethal dose of the toxin for white mice was 0.0005 gm., which is considered a 

 high degree of virulence. The protective action of the antitoxin was also high 

 in the powdered pi-eparation. The author was able to show in vitro that the 

 tetanus toxin could be destroyed by contact with the antitoxin, and that an 

 animal can be protected against tetanus by injecting small doses of tetanus 

 antitoxin if before the injection the toxin is mixed with the antitoxin. 



General susceptibility in typhoid and colon infection as shown by the 

 ophthalmic test, C. Floyd and W. W. Barker {Pubs. Mass. Gen. Hosp. Boston, 

 2 {1909), No. 2, pp. 77/0-77/8). — The results ai-e given of 93 clinical cases, 91 of 

 which gave a positive reaction for typhoid fever. 



Nearly all responded to Widal's test. In 24 control cases of subjects suffering 

 from a variety of diseases other than typhoid the test was positive in 4 instances, 

 these being tuberculosis cases. The eye test in the majority of cases appeared 

 before the Widal reaction or before the blood culture test. Hamburger's test 

 solution Avas usetl instead of Chantemesse's, as the latter was found inert. 

 Good results were also obtained with the colon test solution prepared in the 

 same manner. 



The significance of the bacteria of the paratyphoid bacillus group in regard 

 to the causation of human and animal diseases, Hubener {Berlin. Klin. 

 Wchnschr., J,7 {1910), No. 2J,, pp. 1099-1101 ).— The author on the basis of his 

 clinical findings shows that a marked difference exists in the mode of action of 

 the typhoid and paratyphoid bacillus and results in a difference in the symptoms. 

 He calls attention to the significance of the saprophytic nature of the latter 

 bacillus, with particular reference to the diseases of the domestic animals and 

 man. 



Tuberculosis of animals, S. S. Buckley {MaryUind tSta. Bui. I'lO, pp. 267 -31 'i, 

 figs. 2). — In this bulletin the author discusses the many phases of the tuber- 

 culosis problem, reviewing the present status of our knowledge of the disease, 

 and the methods of combating it. 



Tests made to determine the effect of vaccination upon young calves and the 

 extent of immunity conferred have been sunnnarized as follows : " These tests 

 demonstrated that young calves vaccinated early in life had sufficient imnuniity 

 conferred to enable them to resist a degree of infection sufficiently severe as to 

 cause pronounced infection in untreated calves, when this exposui-e was incurred 

 during the first yeiir of life. The second test demonstrated that after 2 years 

 the vaccinated animals failed to offer greater resistance to infection than was 

 possessed by an untreated animal. The series of vaccinations showed the harm- 

 lessness of the treatment as far as the animals themselves are concerned, since 

 no bad results were had in a total of 148 vaccination or 74 completed immuniza- 

 tions." The author considers immunization to be a justifiable procedure but 



