VETERINARY MEDICINE. 685 



thinks that it should, for the present at least, be nnder the censorship of a 

 projier state board in order that late vaccination, early breeding, and associa- 

 tion with cows in milk, be not permitted. 



It is pointed ont that in selecti^•e breeding with an increased capacity in pro- 

 duction as the principal object, the chest development has been a secondary con- 

 sideration. Since this practice has tended to develop a more delicate type of 

 cattle and to lessen the chest capacity, the aim in breeding must now be directed 

 toward its correction. A system of stabling with the features of exercise, fresh 

 air, and changing temperatures, which will tend to overcome this evil is 

 advocated. 



With the benefits obtained in human tuberculosis patients from the open air 

 treatment in mind, a stable on this plan was erected at the iNIaryland Station 

 several years ago which is here described and illustrated. This stable is of solid 

 concrete construction with slate roof, the stabling portion being 36 by 5S ft. 

 with an annex room 10 by 30 ft., outside measurements, for milking. The 

 walls of the stabling portion of the building are of 12 in. solid concrete, but 

 only 44 ft. in height. On top of the outside wall are set 8 by 8 in. oak posts, 

 properly placed for the support of the plates carrying the roof; the ordinary 

 roof construction is used for closing in the top. This allows an open space 3 

 ft. 6 in. high around the entire building, with the exception of that occupied by 

 the milking room. There is a double row of racks built across the stable which 

 divides the room into 2 compartments, 23 by 34 ft. and 33 by 34 ft. respectively. 

 The capacity of this stable is about 25 head of milch cows. The management 

 of these differs from that of cows in closed stables. The cows are not tied, 

 and are free to move about in the entire enclosure. Racks are kept supplied 

 with the coarse feed, ensilage, roots, and similar feeds, to be consumed at will, 

 and drinking water is accessible at all times. 



The author finds that the milk records of cows kept in this stable during the 

 winter months of 1909-10 show a decided increase in yield and that a reduc- 

 tion is not necessarily brought about by exposure to low temperatures, when 

 these exposures are natural and constant. 



The appointment of a state animal tuberculosis board is advocated. 



The conversion of the human type of tubercle bacillus into the bovine type, 

 A. Eber {BcrVm. TicrarzU. Wchnsclir., 26 {WW), No. 13, pp. 317-323).— On the 

 basis of the results obtained with 3 out of 7 strains of human tubercle bacilli 

 taken at random, it is evident that by passing the human type of tubercle 

 bacilli through bovines a possibility exists of converting it into a type which 

 has all the morphological and cultural characteristics of the bovine tyi»e and 

 which, in addition, is highly virulent. The best point of dilection is found to 

 be the abdominal cavity. In order to prevent the localizing of the organism 

 in the abdominal cavity the author rubbed up the cultures with a tubercular 

 spleen obtained from a guinea pig and bouillon. 



Congenital tuberculosis in bovines, A, M. Bergman (Ccnthl. Bald, [etc.], 

 1. AM., Orig., 52 {1909), No. 2, pp. 193-200, figs. 2; abs. in Ccnthl. Balct. [etc.], 

 1. AM., Rcf., Ji6 {1910), No. 13-L',, pp. 393. .9.0/,).— During the years 1904 to 

 1908 the author observed 108 cases of tuberculosis, 4 of which were in the 

 fetus and the remainder in animals which were at the most 3 days old. 



In all of the fetal cases caseated areas were found in the portal lymphatic 

 glands, and in one instance in the liver, mediastinal, bronchial, and left cervical 

 glands. In another case the spleen, the internal abdominal wall, and several 

 glands of the tibia had caseated foci. 



In all the cases of new-born calves the porta! lymphatic glands were tuber- 

 culous, while in one-half of the instances the mediastinal glands, and in one- 

 third the bronchial glands, were infected. In a few cases the lungs and liver 



