VETERINARY MEDICINE. 689 



on autopsy, with particular reference to finding hog cholera and swine plague 

 in the same animal. 



Vaccination against hog cholera, F. IIutyra and J. Wetzl (Ztsclir. Iiifek- 

 tionskrank. u. Hyg. Haustierc, 6 {1909), No. 1, pp., 1-21 ; abs. in Rev. G6n. 

 MM. V6t., 15 {1910), No. 172, pp. 209-211).— FoUowiug a review of the more 

 recent investigations of hog cholera, the authors report upon immunization 

 experiments conducted. Hyperimmune serum was found to confer an immunity 

 which lasts for several weelcs, and which through infection is transformed into 

 an active immunity. Tests of the value of the serum-simultaneous method 

 made on a number of animals are also reported. The incubation period of 

 the disease was found to be from 15 to IS days, but less when experimentally 

 produced. 



Etiolog'y of sporadic and epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis in the horse, 

 A. Christiani {Die Actiologic dcr Sporadischcn und Epidcmischen Zerebro- 

 spinalmcningitis des Pferdes. Inaug. Diss., Univ. Bern, 1909, pp. J/G, pi. 1, figs. 

 2). — The author was able to determine microscopically and culturally that very 

 little difference exists between the diplococcus isolated from cases of acute 

 cerebrospinal meningitis of horses and the diplococcus intracellularis of Weich- 

 selbaum. Attention is called to the similarity of the pathological findings when 

 compared with cases of human cerebrospinal meningitis. Living cultures of 

 Borna's disease bacterium could not be obtained. The author was not able to 

 say whether the diplococcus isolated from the horse was the only causative 

 or dominant bacterium present for the primary and sporadic cases. 



From the i-esults of the agglutination tests with both the diplococcus intra- 

 cellularis of Weichselbaum and the bacterium isolated from the acute cases 

 of cerebrospinal meningitis of horses, it is concluded that the chemical compo- 

 sition of the bacterial body substances seems to be different. Statistical data 

 are presented in which an effort is made to point out the different factors which 

 have an influence on the occurrence of the disease. 



Contributions to the study of chronic hypertrophic gastritis in the horse, 

 EscLAtJZE {Abs. in Berlin. Tierarztl. Wchnschr., 26 {1910), No. 23, pp. 467, 

 468). — A description, with the clinical and autopsical findings, of an unusual 

 case of chronic hypertrophic gastritis in a stud horse. 



Immunization against African horse sickness, PJ. Leipziger {Beitrdge zur 

 Immunisierniig gegen die Afrikanische Pfcrdesterbe. Inaug. Diss., Univ. Bern, 

 1909, pp. 69). — The i-esults show that horses are much more sensitive to the 

 virus than mules, but that by long residence in the region where the disease is 

 epidemic the animal obtains a certain degree of resistance against infection. 

 The degree of resistance, however, is greater in mules. Immunity is conferred 

 by recovering from an attack or by vaccination. The immunity may be latent 

 from one rainy season to the other, but may be increased by injection of the 

 virus and in this way preventing another attack on the immunized animals. 

 The disease is carrietl from the mother to the fetus. Bearing mares when vac- 

 cinated near the end of pregnancy with medium amounts of the virus confer 

 active immunity upon their offspring. 



Owing to the great and individual sensitiveness of horses, the author recom- 

 mends a simultaneous protective vaccination of 400 cc. of serum and 0.1 cc. of 

 virus subcutaneously. Three weeks later a second immunizing injection is to be 

 given, consisting of from 100 to 200 cc. of serum and 0.3 cc. of virus subcu- 

 taneously. Decreasing doses of virus should follow every other day down to 

 0.01 cc, and then increasing doses until a reaction is obtained. The prognosis 

 in regard to the vaccination with imported horses is less favorable than with 

 African horses. 



