618 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD, 



nois State Water Survey for the year ended December 31, lOOS. and includes a 

 brief account of tlie work during that year, with a summary by years of analyses 

 made since the survey was established. 



It also contains articles on the determination of nitrates by reduction with 

 aluminum, incrustation in the discharge pipe at the filtration plant at Quincy, 

 111., current methods of sanitary water analysis, farm water supplies, hardness 

 of Illinois municipal water supplies, interpretation of results of water analyses, 

 and municipal water supplies of the State. 



The results of examinations of a number of farm water supplies indicate that 

 water from shallow dug wells is very apt to be of poor quality, and it is stateil 

 that wherever " it is possible to obtain a satisfactory water by means of driven 

 or bored wells, such wells are much to be preferred to the dug wells." Where 

 it is necessary to depend upon dug wells for the supply it is suggested " that 

 the earth be excavated for 4 ft. outside of the regular casing, that a coating of 

 water-proofed Portland cement be placed over this casing, and that the bottom 

 of this excavation, which should be at least 4 ft. deep, be covered with several 

 inches of water-proofed Portland cement, having a raised portion at the outer 

 edge. This will serve to divert the surface water away from the well, and it 

 may be led to a distance through a tile drain. The whole arrangement will pre- 

 vent surface water that has not passed through at least 4 ft. of earth gaining 

 access to the water-bearing strata. Bacteria that would otherwise gain access 

 to the well will be filtered out. 



Some features of Iowa ground waters, II, W. S. Hendrixson (Proc. loira 

 Acad. ScL, 16 {1909), pp. i3J-i.'/2).— The fact is emphasized in this article that 

 Iowa waters are as a rule hard. A method of softening based upon the use of 

 milk-of-lime and sodium carbonate, which has been found to be effective in most 

 cases, is described, as well as simple forms of apparatus needed in the softening 

 process. See also a previous note (E. S. R., 20. p. 712). 



Salton sea water, A. E. Vinson and W. H. Ross {Arizona Hta. Rpt. 1909, pp. 

 5S9, 590). — An analj'sis made in 1909 is compared with similar analyses made in 

 1907 and 1908 (E. S. R., 21, p. 17). The variations in composition shown by 

 these analyses indicate that there was a precipitation of calcium carbonate and 

 sulphate during 1909 and that there was a marked increase in the quantity of 

 iron and aluminum. 



Water supply in relation to small holding's, C. H. J. Clayton (Jour. Bd. 

 Agr. [London], 17 {1910), Xo. .J, pp. 2S9-297). — The sources of supply considered 

 in this article are permanent ponds, artificial ponds, pools, streams, wells, and 

 rain waters. Estimates are given of the cost of supplying water for small 

 holdings under different conditions. 



Pond fertilizing, Kuhnert (Fischerei Zfg., 12 {1909), No. .'/'/, pp. 701-70'); 

 ahs. in Wasscr ii. Abicasser, 2 {1910), No 10, p. J/SS). — A plan of fertilizer experi- 

 ments is given and the conducting of such experiments in connection with feed- 

 ing experiments is suggested as the proper means of determining the best method 

 of procedure. 



The question of pond fertilizing, Rade {Fificherei Ztg., 12 {1909). A'o. ,'//. 

 p. 000; abs. in Wasscr u. Abicasscr, 2 {1910), No. 10, p. Jf38).— The author 

 holds that it is unprofitable to depend entirely upon feeding to increase the 

 product of fish, and recommends fertilizing of ponds. 



Pond fertilizing, T. Schulze {Fischerei Ztg., 12 (1909), No. 36, pp. ■')66. 

 567; abs. in. Masscr u. Abtrasser, 2 {1910), No. 10, pp. //37, //3S).— In this article 

 the author takes the position that it is more economical to buy food for the 

 fish than to attempt to grow it by fertilizing the ponds. 



Pond fertilizing, J. D. Wieben {Fischerei' Zig., 12 {1909), No. 38. p. 60S; 

 abs. in Wasscr a. Abicusser, 2 {1910), No. 10, p. 438), — This article discusses 



