VETERINARY MEDICINE. 785 



Agglutination and conglutination, O. Stkeng (Centhl. Tiakl. [etc.], 1. AM., 

 Orig., 52 (1009), No. 4, pp. 523-531). — This is a polemical article in which the 

 author does not agree with Bail iu regard to the identity of agglutinins and con- 

 glutinins, but points out the difference which exists between agglutination and 

 conglutination, viz, that conglutinlns are not bound by native bacteria. For pre- 

 cipitation by conglutinlns the i)resence and binding of the complement is neces- 

 sary, whereas for the action of the agglutinins the binding of alexins and bac- 

 teriolysis is a retarding factor; in other words, agglutinins combine specifically, 

 while conglutinlns do not. With the aid of conglutination bacteria can be dif- 

 ferentiated from one another, which is not possible with agglutination. See 

 also a previous note (E. S. R., 2.3, p. 583). 



Observations on vegetable hemagglutinins, L. B. Mendel {Arch. Fisiol., 7 

 (1910), p. 168; (lbs. in ZcntN. Physiol., 2// {1910), No. 4, p. i.'/5).— Several 

 vegetable hemagglutinins were detected. Hemagglutination and lipolysis, as 

 well as toxicity and hemagglutination, were found to be independent of one 

 another. Hemolysis can also come about independent of hemagglutinins. 



About the faculty of the animal body for producing polyvalent precipi- 

 tating sera, C. Strzyzowski {Ztschr. Physiol. Clicin., 66 {1010), No. 1-2, pp. 

 1-7). — The author sought to determine whether the rabbit organism, after 2 

 or more different pi'oteids have been injected at the same time, is capable of 

 yielding a polyvalent serum ; whether the precipitins produced are equally 

 potent; whether on the whole they are both as potent as when only one pro- 

 teid is employed ; and finally, whether a polyvalent precipitating serum has any 

 practical value. 



From the results it is Concluded that by the injection of equal amounts of 

 human and bovine serum a bivalent heterogeneous serum can be produced. A 

 trivalent serum may also be produced, but the valencies among these sera are 

 unequal. The author gives this class of sera a forensic value. 



Serum-therapy and its applications, E. Leclainche {Rev. G6n. Med. V6t., 

 J 5 {1910), No. 176, pp. 433-44^)- — A discussion of the general principles, preven- 

 tive serum-therapy, serovaccinatiou, aiid curative sera. 



Influence of bacterial endotoxins on phagocytosis, L. S. Dudgeon, P. N. 

 Panton, and H. A. F. Wilson {Proc. Roy. Soc. [London], Scr. B, 82 {1910), No. 

 B, 557, pp. 406-411; ahs. in Chem. Neivs, 101 {1910), No. 2638, p. 280).— Ex- 

 tracts were prepared from most of the common pathogenic organisms by grind- 

 ing them up in the presence of sterile sand or glass, and adding a definite 

 amount of sterile salt solution. This was then centrifugalized at high speed, 

 and the final supernatant layer employed as the endotoxin. 



As to the action of the endotoxic substance on the leucocytes, the experiments, 

 although limited, failed to indicate that there was any direct action, as in no 

 instance was there any appreciable variance from the control experiments. 



As to the action of the endotoxic substance on the serum, the following con- 

 clusions were drawn: "(1) That the endotoxic substance was capable of exert- 

 ing a specific action on the serum in a large proporti(m of cases; (2) that the 

 endotoxic substance was unaffected by heat; (3) that dilution of the endotoxic 

 substance correspondingly diminished its toxic effect upon the serum, but in a 

 few instances, when diluted, it appeared to play the part of ' stimulin,' so that 

 the degree of phagocytosis was far greater than in the control experiments." 



A guide to parasitology, ,T. (Jutart {Precis de Parasitolgic. Paris, 1910, pp. 

 XI+628, figs. 549; rev. in Parasitology, 2 {1909), No. 4, pp. 435, 436).— In part 

 1 of this work a general discussion is presented. Part 2 is devoted to the vege- 

 table parasites, part 3 to the animal parasites, and part 4 to pseudo-parasites 

 and parasites of cadavers. 



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