VETERINARY MEDICINE. ' 789 



During the final period of advanced pregnancy in the cow, tlio frequency of tlie 

 heart is greatly accelerated. 



The daily fluctuation of the temperature in the cow is less in animals fresh 

 in milk than in those advanced In pregnancy. The former show a ma.ximum 

 range of temperature of 1.6° with an average of not quite 1° ; in the latter, the 

 maxinuim is just over 2°, and the average 1.4°. The average temperature of 

 nonpregnant cows is from 100.4° to 103.1°, but in cows advanced in pregnancy, 

 temperatures of from 103.1° to 104.9°, in the absence of symptoms of illness, 

 are physiological. Healthy cattle under 6 months old may, in rare cases, show 

 temperatures as high as 104°. In estimating the significance of the bovine 

 temperature it is, therefore, necessary to pay due regard to the time and circum- 

 stances of its observation. 



A bibliography of 42 titles is appended. 



Examination of the rectum of bovines, H. Gebauer (Die Rektale Unter- 

 fiiirhiDig beim Rinde. Iiiaug. Diss., Univ. Bern, 1908, pp. 128, pis. 2). — The 

 author divides his work into an anatomical and a technical part. The anatom- 

 ical portion considers the general anatomy of the abdominal cavity and its con- 

 tents and points out the variations from the normal. The technical part treats 

 of the methods of examination, the various factors to be considered when 

 making the examination, the indications for conducting the rectal examination, 

 and finally, the results of the palpatory examination of the various organs 

 through the rectum. 



Torsio uteri with premature pains, A. Topfer [Berlin. Ticrdrztl. Wchnschr., 

 26 (1910). Ao. 28, p. 563). — A description of an obstetrical case with an East 

 Friesian cow, in which unmistakable signs (lasting about S hours) indicated an 

 early accouchement. . A manual examination showed a three-quarter turn of 

 the uterus on its long axis and from right to left. After turning back 21 times 

 the torsion was fully eliminated. A normal delivery took place 10 days there- 

 after. 



The " toeing out " of the fore legs of cattle, J. Kappeli (Jahresher. Landw. 

 Schule Riitti, 1908-9, pp. 99-103, pi. 1). — Several cases are cited in which toeing 

 out was inherited. ♦ 



Observations of cattle when feeding showed that the defect was aggravated 

 when the cattle grazed on steep hillsides or stood in stables with slanting floors. 

 It is stated that it can be prevented to some extent by keeping the hoofs properly 

 trimmed, and by so constructing tlie stall that the bottom of the manger is 

 somewhat higher than the floor in order that the feed can be comfortably reached 

 without spreading the fore legs. 



Anaphylactic phenomenon observed in animals during vaccination with 

 anticharbon sera, D. Alexandrescu and A. Ciuca (Compt. Rend. Soe. Biol. 

 [Paris], 68 (1910), No. 13, pp. 68.3-687 ; ahs. in Zcntbl. Biochcrn. n. Biophy.^., 10 

 (1910), No. 8, p. 1/07). — Dui-ing the immunization of cows against anthrax 

 anaphylaxis was observed, mostly light in degree and seldom lethal. 



Contagious abortion, C. E. Gray (Transvaal Dcpt. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 77, ;)/). 

 7). — A popular account. 



Theory and therapy of milk fever so-called, W. H. Dalrymple (.imcr. Vet. 

 Rev., 37 (1910). No. 3, pp. 3-'i9-3.'}.'>) . — A discussion of the present status of our 

 knowledge of this atTection. 



Experiences with vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease, C. Terni 

 (Bill. Agr. [Milan], J,.', (1910), No. IT,, pp. 3, //).— The results of 1,744 vaccina- 

 tion experiments with milch c<»ws, bulls, young steers, heifers, and oxon are 

 reported, mostly with milch cows and at 30 dinVrent establishments. 



Scab and its eradication, C. E. Gray (Transvaal Dept. Agr.. Farmers- Bill. 

 76, pp. 7, pi. 1).—X popular account. 



