734 EXPEEIMENT STATION RECORD. 



by W. W. Farnsworth. the last-named jiappr consisting of practical suggestions 

 relative to various phases of orchard management. 



Getting the most in an orchard, H. M. Martin (Gard. Mag. {~S. Y.], 12 

 (1910), No. 3, PI). 116-llS, figs. lo). — Diagrams and tables comparing the 

 hexagonal, square, and quincunx systems of planting are given and discussed. 

 The author concludes that the hexagonal system with very intensive culture is 

 the best one to use in commercial fruit districts where the land is very ex- 

 pensive. The square system, although most wasteful of space, can be used on 

 cheaper lands, or on hillsides where cultivation is difficult. 



Establishing' the apple orchard, A. T. Erwin and G. R. Bliss (loiva State 

 Col. Agr. Ext. Bui. 5, pp. 27, figs. 10). — This bulletin treats in detail of the 

 establishment and care of apple trees from planting up to the bearing age. It 

 discusses the orchard site, purchasing nursery stock, planning the orchard, 

 double planting, planting distances, preparation of the ground, planting the 

 orchard, wind-breaks, tillage, cover crops, pruning, in.iury by animals and 

 insects with protective measures, tax exemption laws, and selection of varieties. 

 The second season with the peach orchard, M. A. Blake {New Jersey Stas. 

 Bui. 23 J, pp. 3-.'il, pis. 16). — The first season's operations in establishing and 

 managing a peach orchard (E. S. R., 20, p. 1037) is here summarized and the 

 management of the orchard for the second season is discussed in detail, begin- 

 ning with the treatment of the trees in the dormant period .iust preceding the 

 beginning of growth. Special emphasis is placet! on the correct pruning and 

 training of 1-year-old trees and spraying to control the San Jose scale and 

 peach leaf curl. Other phases discussed include fertilizing and cultivating 

 the orchard, the control of the peach borer, summer pruning, intercrops and 

 cover crops, and mounding the soil for protection from frost. 



Shield-budding the mango, P. J. Wester {Palm Beach Weekly Netcs, 11 

 {1910), Xo. 9, pp. /, -},• Rural Xew Yorker, 69 {1910), Xo. .',063, p. 861, fig. 1).— 

 The author describes the methods employed by O. Pound of Cocoanut Grove, 

 Fla., in successfully propagating the mango by means of shield-buds, a practice 

 which has hitherto given rather indifferent results and led to the use of the 

 inarching method as employed by Beach (E. S. R., 18, p. 638), as well as the 

 reversed incision shield-bud method recently employed by Higgins of the Hawaii 

 Station (E. S. R., 22, p. 642). Mr. Pound recently obtained by the shield- 

 budding method over 85 per cent of healthy trees among a lot of 300 plants 

 budded. 



Self-sterility of the Scuppernong and other Muscadine grapes, F. C. 

 Reimer and L. R. Detjen {Xorth Carolina Sta. Bui. 209, pp. 5-23. figs. 13). — 

 In a previous bulletin of the station discussing the origin and importance of the 

 Scuppernong and other Muscadine grapes the results of one season's test were 

 given showing that the Scuppernong and Flowers varieties at least were self- 

 sterile (E. S. R., 21, p. 439). The work was continued for 3 seasons and all 

 of the imi)ortant cultivated IMuscadine grapes, including the Scuppernong, 

 Flowers, James, Thomas, and Mish varieties as well as many wild fruiting 

 forms were tested for self-sterility. The work included a large number of 

 bagging experiments, germination tests, microscopical studies of pollen, deter- 

 mination of the proportion of flowers that develop fruit, studies of flower struc- 

 ture, and observations of the influence of male vines in established vineyards. 

 The experiments are discussed in detail. 



On summarizing the bagging tests for the cultivated varieties, it was found 

 no fruit developed in 558 out of 568 branches, each containing from 1 to 400 

 flower clusters which were covered to exclude the foreign iiollen. In 8 bags 

 some small seedless and worthless berries were developed and in 2 bags a total 



