316 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



ment over the immersion refractometer, inasmuch as it will give more depend- 

 able results for very dilute solutions. From some of the results obtained with 

 the apparatus it seems clear that it can be employed for the examination of 

 milk, water-soluble constituents of soils, dissolved substances in river water, etc. 



The burning quality of cigar wrapper, III, S. Tijmstra (Bui. Deli. Proef- 

 stat. Aledan, No. 3 (1914), pp. 30, figs. 2). — The burning quality of the wrapper 

 is defined as the ease with which the burning of the wrapper keeps pace with 

 the burning of the filler without lagging behind the latter. The glowing test 

 is not believed to be a theoretical or practical test for determining the burning 

 quality of a tobacco. Burning quality and glowing quality are to a certain 

 extent opposing properties. Thg extinction capacity of the tobacco leaf could 

 be determined or in its stead the thickness of the leaf. The denser the leaf the 

 greater will be its glowing property and the less its burning power. 



In determining the burning power of the tobacco, 4 trapezium-shaped pieces 

 cut out of the tobacco leaf are rolled loosely on bamboo twigs, with the upper 

 side of the leaf facing outwards. The small " cigars " thus prepared, contain- 

 ing the bamboo, are placed 1 cm. deep into small glass tubes 14 cm. high and 4 

 mm. wide. The surface of the " cigar " protruding from the glass tube should 

 be just 12 sq. cm. The bamboo twig is then carefully removed from the tobacco, 

 and the latter is dried over sulphuric acid (specific gx-avity 1.3) until a constant 

 moisture content is obtained. The glass tube holding the " cigar " is inserted 

 into the hole of a small rubber stopper, which is then put into a glass tube, 

 bent four times vertically, and connecting with a 5-liter aspirating bottle pro- 

 vided with a 1-meter siphon tube. The cigar is lighted and the water is allowed 

 to run from the aspirator flask at the rate of 500 cc. per minute. The number 

 of seconds required to burn a cigar represents the burning quality of the to- 

 bacco, the less time required for burning the tobacco the better being the quality 

 of the tobacco. 



The methods for estimating burning quality of tobacco previously proposed 

 by the author,*^ by Garner (E. S. R., 18, p. 35), and by other workers are dis- 

 cussed at length. 



Studies on fruit juices, H. C. Gore (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 241 (1915), pp. 

 19). — " The studies described in this bulletin were made with a view of finding 

 methods for the preparation of juices from such fruits as the strawberry, black- 

 berry, pineapple, orange, and lemon. . . . The actual fruit used wherever prac- 

 ticable was that produced under typical conditions in localities where it is 

 grown extensively." 



It was found that ordinary methods of sterilizing fruit juices by heat could 

 be applied successfully to only a limited number of the special fruits as black 

 raspberry, blackberi*y, black currant, sour cherry, and peach. The strawberry, 

 red raspberry, red currant, pineapple, and citrus fruit juices, and apple cider 

 were found to lose in flavor when sterilized by heat. Si>ecial tests were made 

 with the latter named fruits for the purpose of devising methods of storing by 

 refrigeration or sterilization with carbon dioxid. 



The general methods of preparing fruit juices are discussed as a preliminary 

 to the discussion of the special methods. 



" Satisfactory yields of juice were easily obtained from all of the fruits 

 Studied. Lemon and orange juices were best expressed by cutting each fruit 

 into several pieces and then pressing, a method which could be successfully used 



"Meded. Deli-Proefstat. Medan, 5 (1910), No. 2, pp. 25-45, figs. 3; 6 (1911), No. 8, 

 pp. 257-288, flgs. 3. 



