VETERINARY MEDICINE. 285 



Hog cholera and paratyphoid of pigs, H. Miessner (Deut. Tierdrzll. 

 Wchnschr., 22 (1914), No. 5, pp. 70^3).— A criticism of a circular sent out hy a 

 commercial concern to the veterinary profession in regard to vaccination 

 against shoat typhoid. Shoat typhoid is not considered a sej)arate entity, but 

 must be regarded as paratyphoid of pigs caused by the paratyphoid B bacillus. 

 The name shoat typhoid is not deemed well chosen. A chart issued by the con- 

 cern gives a differential diagnosis between shoat typhoid and hog cholera. 



What is hog cholera? F. Hutyra {Ztschr. Infektionskranlc. u. Hyg. Hans- 

 tiere, 15 (1914), No. 5, pp. 3.3S-3/,0).—A criticism of the nomenclature suggested 

 for hog cholera, etc., by Schern and Stange (E. S. R., 33, p. 182). 



Bemarks on the hog cholera question, E. Jokst {Ztschr. InfeJdionskrank. u. 

 Hijg. JIaiislicrr, 15 (191J,), No. 6, pp. //..'T-.'/.'/i ) .— The present conception of hog 

 cholera is said to conijirise two etiologically different diseases, viz, one caused 

 by the filterable virus and the other by bacteria of the typhoid coli group {Ba- 

 cillus suipestifer, B. voldagsen, B. typhi suis, etc.). To this can also be added 

 a third condition caused by the filterable virus and bacteria, viz, mixed infection. 



The names shoat typhoid and paratyphoid are not thought to be well chosen, 

 a more appropriate term seeming to be bacillary hog cholera. The name para- 

 pest, suggested by Schern and Stange (E. S. R., 33, p. 182), should also receive 

 due consideration. Hog cholera in the unrestricted sense may be classified 

 into two groups: (1) Virus pest and pest (mixed infection), and (2) bacillary 

 hog cholera (parapest). Group 1 comprises hog cholera in the restricted sense. 

 The hog cholera usually met with in Germany is probably a mixed infection. 



Much difficulty is experienced when attempting to classify hog cholera on the 

 basis of the patho-anatomical findings. Hog cholera appears clinically and 

 pathologically as a hemorrhagic septicemia, especially when the filterable virus 

 is virulent and has the ui^per hand. In Germany hog cholera patho-anatomi- 

 cally considered is vei-y severe in nature, and is characterized by inflammation 

 and necrotic changes in the intestinal canal, especially in the large intestine. 

 Septicemic-hemorrhagic manifestations are often absent, especially when the 

 disease is chronic in course, or they are in a minority when compared with 

 the other intestinal changes. 



Doubt is exiiressed as to whether hog cholera, considered in the restricted 

 sense, and parapest (shoat typhoid) can be differentiated on the basis of the 

 patho-anatomical "findings. Shoat typhoid usually runs a chronic course, while 

 hog cholera is chiefly an acute condition. Accoi'ding to the author's experience 

 the necrotic processes in chronic hog cholera (restricted sense) seems to lie in 

 the solitai-y lymph glands of the intestinal mucosa, whereas in the bacillary 

 disease (shoat typhoid) the changes are often diffuse. Button formation is by 

 no means a regular thing in hog cholera. In chronic hog cholera the- necrosis 

 plays a part. The wall surrounding the intestinal lesions, said to be character- 

 istic of shoat typhoid, is also found around the typical necrosed areas under- 

 going a process of healing in hog cholera. 



Immunization against erysipelas in hogs especially with killed cu.ltures 

 and bacterial extracts, K. Burgkart {Abs. in Berlin. Tierdrztl. Wchnschr., 31 

 {1915), No. Ji, pp. lil, Jf2). — The purpose of this work was to determine whether 

 immunization could be made with either killed bacteria or bacterial extract. 

 The tests were carried out with gray mice, rabbits, horses, bovines, and a sheep, 

 pig, and goat. Although agglutinin production was noted no satisfactory 

 protective serum could be elaborated. 



Filariasis in native horses, D. Wirth {Ztschr. Infektionskranlc. u. Hyg. 

 Haustiere, 10 {1911), No. 2-3, pp. 161-174, pi. 1; 12 {1912), No. 3, pp. 295-298; 

 15 {1914), No. 2, pp. 135-138). — The iir.st two papers report upon four cases 

 under observation and a like number are dealt with in the third. 



