282 EXPEEIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Piroplasmosis of Rhodesian sheep, as observed by Bevan, C. M. Wenyon 

 {Jour. Compar. Path, and Ther., 28 (1915), No. 1, pp. 60, 61).— This article 

 relates to a sheep which suffered from a double infection of auaplasmosis and 

 piroplasmosis. Reports by Bevan of the occurrence of piroplasmosis in sheep 

 have been previoiisly noted (E. S. R., 27, p. 482). 



Laboratory studies on tetanus, E. Francis (Pub. Health Serv. U. 8., Hyg. 

 Lab. Bui. 95 (191^), pp. 73, figs. 2). — Studies reported herein were on the condi- 

 tions surrounding tetanus spores artificially implanted into vaccine virus, the 

 behavior of tetanus spores injected subcutaneously into guinea pigs and white 

 mice, and miscellaneous observations upon tetanus. 



Antigenic properties of various strains of East African trypanosomes, C. 

 Schilling (Ztschr. Immunitatsf. u. Expt. Ther., I, Orig., 21 (1914), No. 1-5, 

 j>p. 358-365). — Old laboratory strains of nagana trypanosomes are, generally 

 speaking, deemed of little value for j^reparing immune antigen outside of the 

 animal body. Strains obtained in East Africa were found to be inferior antigen 

 stimulators. 



The effect of daylight and drying on the human and bovine types of 

 tubercle bacilli, L. Findlay and W. B. M, Martin (Brit. Med. Jour., No. 2820 

 (1915), pp. 110, 111). — To account for the absence of aerial infection of man by 

 the bovine type of bacillus, the authors sought .to determine whether atmos- 

 pheric influences, especially desiccation and daylight, are more deleterious to 

 the bovine than to the human type. Three different kinds of experiments were 

 made, as follows: 



"(1) Effect of desiccation alone. — Weighed amounts of cultures, four weeks' 

 growth, were placed in small sterile test tubes, loosely plugged with cotton 

 wool, and kept in a dark, well-ventilated cupboard. Under these circumstances 

 definite desiccation occurred. Emulsions were finally made in salt solution 

 and amounts equivalent to 0.01 mg. of moist culture were injected intravenously 

 into rabbits. 



"(2) Effect of diffuse daylight alone. — For this purpose cultures, five weeks' 

 growth, sealed with paraffin to conserve water of condensation, were exposed at 

 the window. After desired intervals weighed quantities of growth were re- 

 moved, emulsified, and injected as before. 



"(3) Effect of diffuse daylight with simultaneous desiccation. — Weighed 

 quantities of cultures, four weeks' growth, were exposed at the window in small 

 sterile test tubes loosely plugged with cotton wool. Desiccation rapidly oc- 

 curred. At intervals emulsions were made and Injected as before." 



The bovine type of bacillus was found to be distinctly more susceptible to the 

 effects of daylight and drying than the human type. This difference between 

 the types may in part explain why aerial infection with the human type is the 

 more frequent. 



Histological studies on serous tuberculosis of bovines, E. Joest and V. 

 Marjanen (Ztschr. Infektionskrank. u. Hyg. Haustiere, 15 (1914), No. 1, pp. 

 1-38, pis. 4, figs. 11; abs. in Berlin. Tieriirztl. Wchnschr., 30 (1914), No. 33, p. 

 602). — The authors find that in every case of serous tuberculosis in bovines 

 there are produced nonspecific inflammatory new formations. These later be- 

 come infected with tubercle bacilli and result in the formation of pearl nodules. 



The significance of fowl tuberculosis for the pig, M. Christiansen (Ztschr. 

 Infektionskrank. u. Hyg. Haustiere, 14 (1913), No. 6, pp. 323-340). — The investi- 

 gation involved the examination of 118 pigs. The pig is considered highly re- 

 ceptive to avain tubercle bacilli, and an infection from this source is noted fre- 

 quently. Views relative to the determination of avian tuberculosis to swine 

 must accordingly be changed. 



