ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 355 



A new species of North. American Tingitidae, O. Heidemann (Proc. E?it. 

 Soc. Wash., 16 il91/f). No. 3. pp. 136, 137, fig. 1).—A new species which seems 

 to have a wide range of distribution, from the Atlantic coast to the Southwestern 

 States, having been collected from Solanwn carolinense and fif. elccagnifoUum at 

 Kirliwood, Mo. ; in Lavaca County and at Columbus, Tex., on coffee weed and 

 Solanum ; at El Reno Okla. ; and at Norfolk, Va., is described as GargapMa 

 solani. 



The eg-gplant lace-bug, D. E. Fink (C7. 8. Dept. Agr. Bui. 239 (1915), pp. 7, 

 jyls. 6). — This work is in cooperation with the Virginia Truck Station. 



Injury by lace-bugs, which first attracted the author's attention in the vicinity 

 of Norfolk, Va., during the sirring and summer of 1913, has been found to be 

 due to a new species that has been described by Heidemann as GargapMa solani 

 (see above). During the spring and summer of 1914 investigations proved it 

 to be widely distributed in Tidewater Virginia wherever eggplant was grown on 

 a commercial scale, and also at Occoquan, Va., in the District of Columbia, and 

 in Maryland. 



The work of this pest somewhat resembles that of aphidids. All stages may 

 be found on the underside of the leaves, and in the nymphal stages particularly 

 they always feed in original colonies as hatched. " The first stage of injury 

 appears in the form of circular discolored areas of about the size of a silver 

 quarter. Such a leaf when examined will show a mass of eggs, and usually the 

 female also will be observed either in close proximity feeding or in the act of 

 ovipositing. Upon emergence of the nymphs from the eggs the discoloration of 

 the leaves increases in area until finally the entire leaf is involved, turning yel- 

 low and dry. The nymphs migrate from one leaf to another, injuring every 

 leaf attacked, until they transform, after which, as adults, they disperse to 

 other plants. Not every plant in a field will be injured, but once a plant be- 

 comes infested every leaf may be so injured as to result in the loss of the plant." 

 While the injury by the lace-bug to eggplant is usually attributed to plant lice, 

 it is entirely well-defined and individual in character and can be readily recog- 

 nized. 



Five nymphal stages have been observed, technical descriptions of which are 

 presented. Adults and eggs were found by the author as early as May 20, the 

 egg-laying period in the field lasting from 4 to 5 days. The author records 116, 

 117, and 188 eggs, respectively, as deposited by three females kept in confinement. 

 An incubation period of from 5 to 8 days was observed during the last of May, 

 June, and early July. The period required for development of the nymph under 

 normal conditions is said to be about 10 days. Allowing 6 days for the egg stage 

 and several days for time before and after copulation by adults, the life cycle is 

 approximately 20 days. In the vicinity of Norfolk this lace-bug was found 

 breeding as late as November, giving a breeding season of nearly 6 months. 

 Thus there is a possibility of from 7 to 8 generations a season. Apparently 6 

 generations are spent on eggplant and the remainder on horse nettle. 



Several insect predators are recorded as having been observed feeding on the 

 nymphs and adults. Quite vsatisfactory results were obtained in sin-aying ex- 

 periments in the use of fish-oil soap and with a standard blackleaf tobacco ex- 

 tract containing 40 per cent active nicotin sulphate. The percentage of nymphs 

 killed was but slightly affected by the increase in the amount of nicotin sulphate 

 from 1 : 1,066 up to 1 : 640 ; the latter had no effect whatever on the adults. 

 With each increase In the amount of fish-oil soap up to 6 lbs. to 50 gal. of water 

 there was a corresponding increase in the percentage of nymphs killed, and at 

 the latter strength some of the adults were affected. At a strength of 8 lbs. of 



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