832 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



later in maturing (up to 16 days) than the low-eared corn. Breeding corn to 

 change the protein and oil contents, which has been previously noted ( E. S. R„ 

 32, p. 733), is also summarized here. 



The breeding of small grains for Increased yields (E. S. R., 30, p. 738; 31, p. 

 435) is briefly suminarizeil. 



Vascular bundles and their significance in the lodging of cereals, K. Molden- 

 HAWEB (Ztschr. Landw. Versuchsw. Ostcn:, 17 (1914), Ko. 12, pp. 8S6S91).— 

 The author here gives results of microscopical examinations of cross sections 

 through the third internode of the plant above the root crown of 19 varieties of 

 wheat. The number of vascular bundles in the parenchyma layer is coordinated 

 with the bending stress for each plant. 



It is noted that the number of vascular bundles seems to be a variety char- 

 acteristic. Wheat varieties grown in a continental climate have a much less 

 number of vascular bundles than those of a maritime climate. The stiffness 

 of the culms of cereals seems to depend to a high degree uiwn the number of 

 vascular bundles they possess. 



The effect of different times of plowing small-grain stubble in eastern 

 Colorado, O. J. Grace (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 253 {1915), pp. 15, fig. i).— This 

 bulletin presents data obtained during six years at Akron, Colo., and the prin- 

 ciples deduced therefrom are believed to be of general application in the Great 

 Plains. These data relate to spring or fall plowing for spring wheat and are 

 discussed in au effort to show correlations between precipitation and time of 

 plowing. 



After a close study of the moisture content of the soil, the amount and time 

 of precipitation, and yields, the author concludes that " early fall precipitation 

 is used by weeds if laud is left uncultivated until spring. Stubble prevents 

 much of the winter snow fi'om being blown off. The increase in soil moisture 

 from this source usually more than compensates for the loss by weed growth 

 of the precipitation of August and September, when such precipitation is light 

 Late fall plowing does not prevent the lo.ss of early fall precipitation through 

 weed growth, but it does destroy stubble, which would aid in holding winter 

 precipitation. If heavy rains occur in August or September, plowing should 

 be done immediately after they cease. If this can not be done, or if heavy 

 rains do not occur, the land should be left in stubble until the following spring." 



Meadows and pastures, J. H. Voorhees {^ew Jersey Stas. Circ. ^S, pp. 

 3-7). — This circular discusses soils, seed and seeding, liming, and manures and 

 fertilizers for the establishment of meadows and pastures in New Jersey. 



Growing hay in the South for market, C. V. Pipeb, H. B. McCluke, and L. 

 Carrier {U. 8. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 677 {1915), pp. 22. figs. 10).— This 

 bulletin points out the value of a hay crop for the Southern States, discusses 

 difficulties in the way of producing market hay in the South, soils, curing the 

 hay, and selling hay in local and city markets; describes special devices for 

 curing hay, hay-handling devices, and hay presses; and comments upon the 

 following crops as suitable for market hay in the cotton belt : Johnson grass, 

 Bermuda grass, Lesjiedeza, or Japan clover, cowpeas, oats, Italian lye grass; 

 the Arlington mixture of orchard grass, tall oat grass, and alsike; alfalfa, and 

 Sudan grass. 



Corn, milo, and Kafir in the southern Great Plains area: Relation, of cul- 

 tural methods to production, E. F. Chilgott, W. D. Gkiggs, and C. A. BuR- 

 MEiSTER {U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 2ft2 {1915), pp. 20).— This bulletin embodies the 

 results of a study ranging from three to seven years of methods of production 

 of these crops at three field stations on the southern Great Plains, and includes 

 meteorological data, a brief discussion of soil conditions, and data showing 

 yields, value of the crop, and cost of production at the individual stations. 



