ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 351 



injected side would be stained, wliile the uuinjected side was not. The stains 

 were also found to dilTor in their method of jKissaije through the tissue. Methyl 

 gi'een passed through the trachae in the last year's ring of wood. Congo red 

 and trypan blue si»read over larger areas. Colloidal stains spread further 

 through the trees than crystalloidal ones. The chemicals, whether metals, 

 acids, alkalis, or benzenes, appear to have profoundly affected cells lying beyond 

 the paths of the injected solutions, causing pathological growth. 



Leaves on the injected tree showed blotches which were found to be char- 

 acteristic of the chemical used. In the case of lithium-injected trees, the 

 presence of the metal was found in bark, leaves, and fruit. 



Notes on Cronartium comptoniae and C. ribicola, P. Spaulding (Abs. in 

 rhyioiHithology, Jf (191.'/), No. 6, p. -'lO'J). — In continuation of a previous account 

 of observations on one of these fungi (E. S. R., 30, p. 653), the author reports 

 that Pinus rigida is very susceptible to attacks of C. coniptoniw, and that both 

 P. ponderosa and P. contorta were so badly affected that the entire stock of 

 both sijecies in a nursery was destroyed. The fungus has been successfully 

 transferred from P. contorta to Comptonia asplenifoUa, but not from P. laricio, 

 another new host. 



In addition the author reports C. ribivola on the American variety Downing 

 of cultivated gooseberries. 



Observations on the pathology of the jack pine, J. R. Weir (U. S. Dept. 

 Agr. Bui. 212 (WIS), pp. 10, pi. 1, figs. 7,).— This is a study of fungi affecting 

 Pinus divaricata, chiefly in Michigan, Minnesota, and adjacent Canada. 



Peridermium cerehruiiv {Cronartium quercus) causes the most important in- 

 jury to jack pine of all ages, attacking almost all portions of the trunk and 

 usually either killing or dwarfing the plant attacked. 



Wood-destroying fungi of the living tree are not regarded as very important, 

 though a few are mentioned, as Trametes pini and Polyporus schweinitzii, 

 which attack weakened trees. A number of saprophytic fungi mentioned attack 

 dead wood of this species, which rapidly deteriorates in consequence. 



A new leaf and twig disease of Picea engelmanni, J. R. Weir ( U. 8. Dept. 

 Agr., Jour. Agr. Research, 4 {1015), No. 3, pp. 251-25 Ji, pi. 1). — In a preliminary 

 statement the author reports having examined what was thought from the 

 gross appearance of the mycelial mat to be Herpotrichia nigra, a fungus com- 

 mon on P. engelmanni on Marble Mountain, Idaho. It proved, however, to be 

 a new species which is described as U. quinqueseptata n. sp. These two species 

 of Herpotrichia, with NeopccJcia coxiltcri, cause considerable damage to forests 

 at altitudes of not less than 5,000 ft. The dense mat of mycelium has been 

 found to influence the temperature of the enveloped leaves in the same manner 

 as when any dark covering is placed on an air thermometer bulb. The fungus 

 acting as a pronounced epiphyte may thus be enabled to incubate its own 

 mycelia within the tissues of the host, thus hastening its parasitic activities, 

 and these may be further hastened by accompanying injurious physiological 

 changes. The spread of the mycelium over young growth, from spring to early 

 fall, is fairly rapid. 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY— ENTOMOLOGY. 



[Report on insect pests] {Wisconsin 8ta. Bid. 250 {1915), pp. 29-33, fig. 1).— 

 Brief notes are presented on cranberry insect work by O. G. Malde, and on 

 studies by J. G. Sanders on the control of the onion maggot (see p. 357) ; 

 the tobacco split worm, better known as the potato tuber worm, which was 

 found during the year to occur iu the State; May beetles {Lachnosterna spp.) ; 



