208 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



Maple sap products and the Canadian standards, J. F. Snell (Jour. Soc. 

 Chem. Indus., 33 {WUf), No. 10, pp. 501-515, figs. 2).— This discusses tlie history 

 of the maple sugar industry (briefly), methods of manufacture, adulteration of 

 maple sirup, composition of maple sugar sand, history of standards of maple 

 products and the standards at present adhered to, methods of analysis, existing 

 standards, value of the conductivity test for examining maple products (E. S. R., 

 31, p. 610), a scheme of rapid analysis (E. S. R., 31 p. 611), maple sugar mak- 

 ing as an agricultural industry, analytical values of pure maple sirup, Canadian 

 census returns on maple sap products in 1910, and a comparison of maple with 

 other farm products in the Province of Quebec for 1911. 



Detection of added water in milk by a simplified ntolecular concentration 

 constant, L. Mathieu and L. Ferr6 {Ann. Falsif., 7 (1014), No. 63, pp. 12-21; 

 ahs. in Jour. Soc. Chem. Indus., 38 {1914), -ZV'o. 4, P- 214)- — "The simplified 

 molecular concentration constant denotes the sum of the weight of crystallized 

 lactose and of the sodium chlorid expressed as the isotonic equivalent of lactose. 

 For instance, a milk containing 54.5 gm. of lactose and 1.4 gm. of sodium chlorid 

 per liter would give a constant of 54.5+ (1.4X11.9) =71.2, since 1 gm. of sodium 

 chlorid is the isotonic equivalent of 11.9 gm. of lactose. The constant must be 

 corrected for the volume of the fat and casein ; the volume of the calcium phos- 

 phate may be neglected. This correction, taking extreme cases, varies from 

 1.03 to 1.1 and in the majority of milks it is 1.07 ; that is to say, the constant 

 found as ,'ibove must be multiplied by 1.07 to give the true value. With mo.st 

 milks the value of 4he constant lies between 74 and 79 and will fall below 73 

 when the milk contains from 5 to 8 per cent of added water." 



Uniform acidity degree for the testing of milk, W. Morres {2Iilchtc. Zentbl., 

 43 (1914), No. 9, pp. 229-233). — A criticism of existing standards and methods 

 for the acidity of milk. The A. Marshall modification of the Dornic method 

 which consists of using 9 cc. of milk and titrating with 1 decinormal sodium 

 hydroxid solution is recommended. By this procedure a direct result is given. 



Estimation of the fat content according to Kooper and total solids deter- 

 mination according' to Mai and Rheinberg'er in cheese, Ivlose {Milclnv. 

 Zentbl., 43 {1914), ^o- 9, pp. 225-229). — In a comparative study of the Kooper 

 (E. S. R., 30, p. 207), the Wendler neu-sal (E. S. R., 30, p. 208), and the 

 Bondzynski and Ratzlaff (E. S. R., 16, p. 440) procedures for determining fat 

 in cheese of various kinds, the highest results were obtained by the last-named 

 method, followed by the Kooper method. The results by the Wendler neu-sal 

 were most unfavorable. 



A study of methods for total solids included those of Mai and Rheinberger 

 and the sea-sand method (drying the cheese in sea sand to constant weight 

 without preliminary drying). In the Mai and Rheinberger method three- 

 quarters of an hour of distillation did not always give the correct result. The 

 temperature at which distillation is done is of great moment and should not 

 exceed 200° C, as otherwise it yields low results. It is further necessary, in 

 order to get results comparable with those given by the sea-sand method, to 

 allow the petroleum layers to become thoroughly clear. 



A new method for thetdetermination of zinc in treated wood, M. H. Bed- 

 ford and R. Pfanstiel {Jour. Indus, and Engln. Chem., 6 {1914), No. 10, p. 811, 

 figs. 2). — The various methods proposed for determining zinc in wood treated 

 with zinc chlorid are based upon the manner in which the organic matter is 

 destroyed. In the case of hardwoods, particularly red oak. it was found that 

 certain organic compounds were not destroyed by some of the ordinary pro- 

 cesses. A modification of the methods in use was therefore attempted, the 

 present investigation being caiTied out entirely with red oak. 



