18 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



Canning fruits and vegetables on the farm, C. C. Vincent (Idaho Sta. Bui. 

 82 (1915), pp. 24, figs. 6). — The purpose of this bulletin is to demonstrate to 

 the farmers of Idaho how they can increase the earning capacity of their 

 farms and orchards through the cannery. The subject is dealt with under 

 the following headings: Plan of work, equipment, accessories, labels, labor, 

 crops for canning, steps involved in handling products, directions for canning 

 fruits and vegetables, quality of canned products, cost of canning, and profits. 



A practical treatise on the manufacture of vinegar, edited by W. T. 

 Bbannt (Philadelphia: H. C. Baird & Co., 19U, 3. ed., rev., pp. XXIV +543, 

 figs. 101). — ^This work has been largely rewritten. In addition to a detailed 

 description of the manufacture of vinegar, special consideration is given to 

 wood vinegar and other by-products obtained in the destructive distillation of 

 wood ; the manufacture of cider and fruit wines ; the preservation of fruits and 

 vegetables; and the preparation of fruit butters, jellies, marmalades, pickles, 

 and mustards. The preservation of meat, fish, and eggs is also given considera- 

 tion. 



Handbook for the chemical laboratories of tanneries, G. Grassee (Eandhuch 

 fiir Gerherei-chemische Lal)oratorien. Leipsic: Schulze d Co., 1914, XIII-\-395, 

 figs. 49). — This book, intended for tanning chemists and those concerned in the 

 examination of tannery products, is divided into a general and special part. 

 The general part has to do with the examination of acids and salts, dyes, 

 organic preparations of formaldehyde, glycerin, blood albumin, mineral oil, 

 oils, fats, and waxes, soaps, resins, coal-tar dyes, and natural-plant dyes. The 

 special part has to do with the examination of water and sewage, chemistry 

 of tanning materials and their examinations (including tanning materials), 

 examination of leathers tanned by various methods, chemical control of the 

 tannery, and the equipment of a chemical laboratory for the tannery. 



Oils of the Coniferae. — I, The leaf and twig oils of Cuban and long-leaf 

 pines and the cone oil of long-leaf pine, A. W. Schorger (Jour. Indus, and 

 Engirt Chem., 6 (1914), No. 9, pp. 723-727, figs. 5).— Data relative to the com- 

 position of oils and their distillation are given at the beginning of the article. 



The several oils of the two species examined were practically identical in 

 composition, as shown below. "The combined borneol in the leaf and twig 

 oil of the Cuban pine probably occurs as the esters of caproic and caprylic acids ; 

 that in the leaf oil of long-leaf pine as the esters of caprylic, heptoic, and ca- 

 proic acids. 



" The rotation of the cadinene as given must be accepted with certain reser- 

 vations. While the sesquiterpene fractions were tZ-rotatory, their dihydrochlo- 

 rids were all 7-rotatory. The only oil containing (Z-rotatory cadinene whose di- 

 hydrochlorid was likewise d-rotatory, as rec^orded in the literature, is that of 

 Atlas cedar and possibly also West Indian sandalwood oil. 



" In Cuban pine the percentage composition of the leaf and twig oils is as 

 follows: Furfurol trace; 7-cp-pinene 4 per cent; Z-camphene 10; Z-)3-pinene 35 

 to 36; dipentene 8; bornyl ester (as acetate) 3.5; free alcohol (as Z-borneol) 

 11.4; (Z-cadinene 18 to 19; and losses by polymerization, etc., 9 per cent. In 

 long-leaf pine the leaf and twig, leaf, and cone oils contain, respectively, fur- 

 furol trace; Z-campheue 13 to 14, 12 to 13 and 12 per cent; Z-|3-pinene 44, 50, 

 and 25; dipentene 5, 5, and 6 to 7; bornyl ester (as acetate) 2.4, 2, and 1.4; 

 free alcohol (as Z-borneol) 10, 9.8, and 7.6; d-cadinene 10 to 11, 11, and 1 to 2; 

 and losses by polymerization, etc., 6, 7.5, and 0.5 per cent. The leaf and twig 

 and leaf oil of long-leaf pine contain 8 to 9 and 2 per cent Z-a-pinene respectively, 

 while cone oil contains 39 to 40 per cent d-a-pinene." 



