EURAL ECONOMICS. 93 



State and other organizations. The total number of holdings was 942.897, 

 of which 933,3G7 belonged to private persons. Forty-five per cent of the hold- 

 ings contained 2 hectares or less, but 45 per cent of farm land is in holdings of 

 between 5 and 15 hectares. 



The agricultural outlook (U. 8. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 665 {1915), pp. 

 28). — It Is estimated that on March 1 there was about 21,000.000 bu. less surplus 

 of wheat than a year previous. It appears that during the eight months ended 

 March 1 the exports of wheat, including flour, amounted to 245.433,099 bu. 

 as against 109.435,386 for a similar period for the year previous. The returns 

 indicate that of the wheat produced in Minnesota and the Dakotas 43 per cent 

 was Blue Stem, 21 per cent Velvet Chaff, 15 per cent Fife, and 12 per cent 

 Durum. 



The production of Hawaiian sugar is estimated at 612.000 short-tons for the 

 1914 campaign as against 546.524 for the 1913 campaign. 



The first inquiry made as to the stocks of wool held by manufacturers on 

 January 1 resulted in replies from manufacturers whose total purchases In 

 1914 amounted to 158,169.000 lbs. of wool (raw equivalent). Their stocks on 

 January 1, 1915, amounted to 39,995,000 lbs., as compared with 22,933,000 lbs. 

 on January 1, 1914. 



It is stated that the average time of transit from the United States Pacific 

 coast ports to England is about one-half what it was before the opening of the 

 Panama Canal. Grain steamships previously averaged 94 days for this voyage 

 while the average at present is 48. 



The money wages of farm labor averaged during the past year about 1.7 per 

 cent lower than in the preceding year, but about 9 per cent higher than 5 years 

 ago. Information is given concerning the farm labor employment service of the 

 U. S. Department of Labor, the countries pi'ohibiting cereal exports, trend of 

 prices of farm products, apples in cold storage March 1, etc. Statistical tables 

 are given showing the stocks of cereals and aggregate value per acre of crop 

 production for 1914-15 by States, the aggregate value per acre of crops by 

 States for 1909-1914, and farm wages with and without board, by the month 

 and by the day, and at harvest and other than harvest seasons. It also 

 includes the usual data as to the prices of farm pi'oducts. 



Agricultural war-book (Ottaiva: Min. Agr., 1915, pp. 157, figs. 3). — This book 

 contains a series of articles describing the population, transportation, occupation 

 of the people, and the agriculture of various countries with reference to condi- 

 tions brought about by the present war. 



[Agriculture in Canada], compiled by H. J. Boam (In Twentieth Century 

 Impressions of Cana<la, London and Montreal: Sells Ltd., 1914, pp. 212-260, 

 figs. 77). — These pages are devoted to a description of the various agricultural 

 organizations found in Canada by T. K. Dohei-ty, the system of agricultural 

 education by S. B. McCready, the experiment^al farms by O. C. White, the fruit 

 industry by W. T. Macoun, the cattle industry by H. S. Arkell, dairying by J. A. 

 Ruddick, the poultry industry by W. F. Moore, and swine raising by J. B. 

 Spencer. 



A pilgrimage of British farming, 1910—1912, A. D. Hall (London: E. P. 

 Button c6 Co., 1913, pp. XI II +452). — The author describes the systems of farm- 

 ing observed during three summers' travel in the British Isles and treats of 

 soils, cropping systems, methods of handling live stock, and the general drift 

 of the agricultural practices in the communities visited 



[Agriculture in Denmark] (Statis. Aarbog Danmark, 19 {1914), pp. 26-29, 

 36-37, 44-54)- — These pages continue statistical information previously noted 

 (E. S. R., 30, p. 392). 



