FOODS HUMAN NUTEITION. 65 



supply it is either dried, converted into preserves, or, as is sometimes tlie 

 case, used in naalving jams, jellies, alcohol, vinegar, molasses, or sugar. 

 Analyses of the dried leaves of different varieties indicate a fuel value of 

 between 1,400 and 1.500 calories per pound. 



Data pertaining to its use in stock feeding are noted on page 70. 



Mushrooms and other common fung'i, Flora W. Patterson and Veha K. 

 Charles {U. S. Dci>t. Afjr. Bui. llo (llil5), pp. 6-}, pis. 38, fifj. i).— This bulletin 

 is intended to furnish the amateur with means for identifying some of the 

 more common species of mushrooms and for distinguishing between poisonous 

 and edible varieties. The general morphological structure of mushrooms and 

 other fungi is discussed, and botanical descriptions are given of selected 

 species from each of the most familiar genera, with special reference to the 

 distinctive features. These are also illustrated by a number of photographic 

 reproductions. The bulletin contains a few tested recipes for cooking mush- 

 rooms and a list of reference l)ooks is appended. 



Analyses of human milk, O. Spindleb {Apoth. Ztg., 2D (1914), No. 16, pp. 

 235-2-'f0). — Results of analyses are given from which it is concluded that human 

 milk, unlike normal cows' milk, contains a large amount of catalases and that 

 no definite relation exists between the density of the serum, total solids, and 

 fatty matter. The catalases are found partly dissolved in the serum and 

 partly occluded in the fat globules, and are thought to play an important 

 part in the nutrition of infants. 



Mother's milk of the first period of lactation and the influence of calcium 

 and phosphorus additions on its composition, F. Zuckmayer (Pfliiger's Arch. 

 Physiol., 158 (101/,), No. 3-5, pp. 209-218; uhs. in C'liem. Zcnthl., IDlIf, II, No. 5, 

 p. Ifl5). — ^An examination of mothers' milk during the first 10 days of the lacta- 

 tion period showed in 26 cases large variations in the calcium and phosphorus 

 content, and these variations still existed after the addition of calcium and phos- 

 phorus compounds to the diet of the mother. The use of these compounds during 

 the advanced stages of pregnancy produced a normal milk, but the calcium con- 

 tent increased from 10 to 72 per cent, and the values for phosphorus pentoxid, 

 nitrogen, and ash were also greater. 



What every ice cream dealer should know {Schenectady, N. Y.: Daly Bros. 

 Manufacturing Corporation, 1914, PP- 228, pis. 17, figs. 4). — ^This is a general 

 treatise on ice cream manufacture, intended for the use of the ice cream trade. 

 A number of suggestions are gi\'en, together with standard recipes, and con- 

 siderable information regarding the sanitation of ice cream factories, the 

 proper selection and storage of raw materials, and the handling of the finished 

 product. A number of modern ice cream plants located in various parts of 

 the country are described. One section of the book is devoted to soda fountain 

 hints. This also contains a number of recipes and suggestions to proprietors 

 of soda fountains. 



The preparation of pure sucrose and dextrose caramels, G. D. Beal and 

 H. F. ZoLLEB (Jour. Amer. Pharm. Assoc, 3 (1914), No. 4, pp. 495-4911) .—From 

 the results of these experiments the authors draw the following conclusions: 



" Caramel is best prepared by heating cane sugar or glucose at 210° for 30 

 minutes. A somewhat higher yield is obtained by longer heating, but some in- 

 soluble matter is formed at the same time. The best method of purification is 

 found to be dialysis in a collodion membrane." 



Harmful effect of certain sugar cane products, R. Blosser (Jour. Amer. 

 Med. Assoc, 63 (1914), No. 6, pp. 481, 482, fig. 1).—A preliminaiy report of 

 experiments with laboratory animals (dogs) carrried out to determine whether 

 or not tlie use of cane sugar is delieterious. The effect of ingestion of large 



