46 EXPEBIMENT STATION EECOED. 



The spraying records secured in all tlie orcliards are here presented in detail, 

 special attention being given to the more extensive work of 1914. 



Summarizing the results of the work as a whole, lime-sulphur and Bordeaux 

 seem to be equally efficient in controlling apple scab, blossom end rot, and 

 cedar rust. Bordeaux appears to be a hazardous material to use for the calyx 

 spray, esiiecially on varieties of the Ben Davis type and those having a light- 

 colored skin, on account of the serious injury from spray burn which may occur. 

 Soluble sulphur as at present found on the market is a dangerous material to 

 use as a summer spray, since it is very apt to destroy the leaves and may kill 

 the calyx of the apples, thus causing the fruit to decay. The injury was at- 

 tributed to the setting free of a large amount of arsenic from the arsenate used 

 in connection with the soluble sulphur for controlling insects. Two applica- 

 tions of soluble sulphur during the season of 1914 on Gano apples produced 

 fruit with a luster or finish superior to that produced by lime-sulphur. At the 

 same time fully 75 per cent of the leaves were caused to drop off. Where three 

 applications were given from 10 to 25 per cent of the fruit was destroyed. 

 Bordeaux-arsenate paste and Pyrox both proved to be good fungicides and 

 insecticides but are apt to burn the fruit, especially the Ben Davis and Gano 

 varieties. These materials are considered to be of special value where only a 

 few trees are to be sprayed, but on a commercial scale the homemade Bordeaux 

 is more satisfactory and less exiDensive. The result from spraying an acre of 

 Jonathan trees with arsenate of lead paste alone indicates that the arsenate 

 of lead reduced the diseases (cedar rust and scab) by one-half. At the same 

 time the spray injury from using this material amounted to 87.8 per cent at 

 harvest time. In view of the serious amount of spray injury recorded the 

 author is Inclined to believe that some accident, such as an admixture of 

 Bordeaux, may have occurred when the mixture was made up. Hence the data 

 are presented merely as a record. As an insecticide the dry or powder form 

 of arsenate of lead appeared to give as good results as the paste when used in 

 half the quantity of tbe latter by weight. The powder costs approximately 

 twice as much per pound as the paste. 



The cost of spraying with lime-sulphur and lead arsenate was 9.29 cts. per 

 tree for each application. The cost of Bordeaux and lead arsenate was 6.G7 cts. 

 per tree per application. The total average cost of spraying with lime-sulphur 

 and lead arsenate was $5.56 per acre of 60 trees, while Bordeaux-lead arsenate 

 cost $4 per acre. Averaging all orchards and all materials used, the cost of 

 spraying per tree for the season of 1914 was for the first application 6.6 cts., 

 the second 13 cts., the third 9.5 cts., and the fourth 8 cts. 



" Missouri orchardists are advised to si)ray their apple trees at least three 

 times — ^before blooming, immediately after blooming, and ten days to two 

 weeks later. For the first spray use lime-sulphur 3 gal. to 100 gal. of water 

 or Bordeaux 6:6: 100 ; second spray, lime-sulphur 3 : 100, plus 5 lbs. arsenate 

 of lead paste; third, same as second, or Bordeaux 6:6: 100, plus 5 lbs. arsenate 

 of lead paste. Where bitter rot is bad, one or two more applications may have 

 to be made with either lime-sulphur or Bordeaux." 



Spraying and thinning notes, 1914, J. H, Goxjeley (Neto Hampshire 8ta. 

 Circ. n {1915), pp. 4). — In connection with other orchard work during the 

 seasons 1913 and 1914 com]jarative tests were made of several brands of spray 

 materials to determine their effects as summer sprays, with special reference 

 to foliage injury. The results as here summarized show the superiority of 

 commercial Ihne-sulphur and arsenate of lead as a summer spray over any 

 other materials used. The foUage was entirely unharmed and remained clean 

 and vigorous throughout tbe season. The fruit showed no burning effect what- 



