VETERINARY MEDICINE. 479 



"All of our animals died, 18 treated and 3 untreated, and showed typical 

 lesions at autopsy. They were all infected by means of ticks iRhipicephalus 

 appendiculatus) which had fed on infected cattle as larvse and nymphs and 

 been placed on the experimental animals as nymphs and adults, respectively. 



" The increase in the number of parasitized red blood corpuscles, but for 

 slight irregularities, proceeds continuously night and day until the animal 

 dies. "We have not as yet observed a case ending in recovery." 



A table is included which gives a summary of data relating to each experimental 

 animal, except one, the number and kind of ticks which produced infection, the 

 incubation period, the time when the parasites appeared in the peripheral 

 blood, the time when the animals died, and the maximum percentage of para- 

 sitized blood corpuscles observed during the course of the disease. 



The serological detection of glanders in asses and m.ules, Schutz and O. 

 Waldmann {Arch. Wiss. u. Prakt. TierfieUk., 40 (1914), No. 6, pp. 503-515). — 

 The sera of healthy asses and mules contain anticomplementary substances 

 which make difficult the diagnosis of glanders in such animals with the usual 

 complement fixation test. The agglutination values of all of the animal sera 

 were low, which indicates the absence of glanders, save that it is well known 

 that old chronic cases of glanders also have a low titer. By changing the 

 hemolytic system so that it consists of horse serum complement, inactivated 

 bovine serum as amboceptor, and red blood corpuscles of the guinea pig better 

 results can be obtained. 



From the results of an infection experiment it was found that the formation of 

 specific antibodies took place in asses and mules from the sixth day on and reached 

 considerable height during the course of the disease. With the complement 

 deviation procedure a stronger fixation can be noted on the eight or ninth day 

 post infection, which points to the formation of specific antibodies in the blood 

 of asses and mules. The presence of specific deviating substances in the blood 

 of these animals can be detected with certainty by the modified complement 

 fixation test. 



Some tests with the modified method were also conducted with the sera of 

 horses and asses suspected of being infected with glanders. The serum of 

 horses, contrary to that of asses and mules, contains no anticomplementary 

 substances and can be adsorbed by guinea pig serum. The phylogenetic impor- 

 tance of this finding is pointed out. 



About the reaction of mallein on sound horses and the significance of the 

 conglutination reaction for diagnosing glanders, W. Pfeiler and G. Webeb 

 (Ztschr. Infektionskrank. u. Hyg. Haustiere, 15 (1914), No. S-4, pp. 209-221).— 

 The authors examined daily the sera of horses coming into Germany from 

 Russia, where the subcutaneous mallein test is employed, and studied the effect 

 of malleinization upon the outcome of a subsequent conglutination test. 



Sound horses treated subcutaneously or conjunctivally with dried mallein 

 after the fifth day showed an increase in the agglutination. In the horses 

 tested by the conjunctival route the increase in agglutination titer was only 

 100 units. The agglutinants gradually disappeared in the animals so treated, 

 but at various times. Complement deviating substances were found in three 

 out of six horses after five days (malleinization) and on the sixth day they 

 were markedly present. Eight days were required in one case for the appear- 

 ance of complement-fixing substances. The complement-fixing substances van- 

 ished a few days after their appearance. 



A previous ophthalmic test had no influence upon the outcome of a serum 

 test. Conglutinating substances appeared much later than complement-fixing 

 substances when mallein was instilled in the eye, so that the conglutination 

 test can not be used for diagnosing the disease in its first stages. The 



