ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ^ENTOMOLOGY. 557 



observations made during ttie course of an outbreak of P. piri in Tasbkend in 

 1913. 



Kerosene-lime emulsion is said to have given the best results, both the imma- 

 ture stages and adults being killed by it. This emulsion is made by slaking 

 1 lb. of lime in 1^ pints of water, and adding 1 lb. of kerosene, w^ith constant 

 agitation. It is stated that the amount of kerosene in the formula may be 

 doubled when the application is to be made to mature leaves. 



Spraying- for the control of the walnut aphis, A. R. Tylor (California Sta. 

 Circ. 131 {1915), pp. 11, figs. 2). — ^This paper relates to Chromaphis juglandi- 

 cola, a detailed account of studies of the life history and habits of which, by 

 Davidson, has been previously noted (E. S. R., 31, p. 753). 



During years of heavy infestation, which occasionally occur, the size of the 

 European walnut is considerably reduced. The drain upon the tree is said to 

 be heavy as a result of its attack, and the infestation may also increase the 

 dissemination of the walnut blight. 



The most effective spray for the control of the walnut aphis during the 

 winter consists of commercial lime-sulphur. 5 gal. ; unslaked lime, 25 lbs. ; and 

 water, 95 gal., at a cost of about $2.55 per 200 gal. of si)ray. The spray should 

 be applied before growth starts in the spring, an average of 25 gal. of spray 

 being required for 10-year-old trees and 40 gal. for larger trees. The spray 

 found most efficient for summer control consists of blackleaf 40, 1 pint ; whale- 

 oil soap, 4 lbs. ; and water, 200 gal., at a cost of $1.80 per 200 gal. of spray, 

 when the materials are purchased in small amounts. About 30 to 35 gal. are 

 required to cover 10-year-old trees. It is stated that the M. A. 0. nozzles 

 (E. S. R., 26, p. 49) are the most suitable ones found for spraying walnut trees. 



The host plants of Aphis rumicis, J. Davidson (Ztschr. Wiss. Insektenhiol., 

 10 (1914), No. 5, pp. 189-190; aU. in Rev. Appl. Ent., 2 (1914), Ser. A, No. 8, p. 

 494)- — Substantially noted from another source (E. S. R., 32, p. 849). 



Preliminary report on spraying- of eggs for the control of the purple and 

 green apple aphids of California, P. R. Jones (Mo. Bui. Com. Hort. Cal., 4 

 (1915), No. 1, pp. 20-30). — "As far as can be determined at present under 

 western conditions it is believed that dormant treatment for the eggs of the 

 apple and purple aphids should be either commercial crude-oil emulsion 1 : 9 

 or 1 : 10 ( where the concentrate contains about 85 per cent crude oil ) ; home- 

 made crude-oil emulsion from 10 to 15 per cent strength made from a crude 

 oil running 19 to 23° B. ; commercial lime-sulphur at 1 : 6 or 1 : 7, and the appli- 

 cation made as late in the winter as possible before the buds start to show 

 green. 



" If homemade distillate-oil emulsions are used they should be made from 

 heavy distillate, and the dilution in the tank figured to run 7 or 8 per cent 

 oil." 



Notes on the life history and habits of the rose scale, Aulacaspis rosae, S. 

 Nakayama (Jour. Ent. and Zool., 7 (1915), No. 1, pp. 45-54, figs. 25). — This 

 paper is based upon observations made in the vicinity of Stanford University 

 from December, 1912. to April, 1914. Studies of this scale, a common pest of 

 blackberries, raspberries, and roses, by Smith, of New Jersey Experiment 

 Station, have been previously noted (E. S. R., 14, p. 372), but observations of 

 its biology on the Pacific coast have not previously been reported. 



The author treats of the egg and its oviposition, the method of hatching, 

 the larval stages, seasonal history, and natural enemies. The natural enemies 

 noted include two lady beetles (Chilocoriis Mvulnerus and Scynmus margini- 

 collis) and an undetermined hymenopterous parasite. A bibliography of 9 

 titles is included. 



