558 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



The San Jose and oyster-shell scales, L. Caesar {Ontario Dept. Agr. Bui. 

 219 (1914), PP- 30, figs. 16). — A summarized account of the life history and 

 habits, natural enemies, means of control, etc., of the San Jos6 scale (pp. 1-25) 

 and of the oyster-shell scale (pp. 26-30) in Ontario. 



The San Jos4 scale was introduced into Ontario by or before 1894 in ship- 

 ments of infested nursery stock. There is believed to be no scale in the 

 Province at present north of a line drawn from about Sarnia to Toronto and 

 more than half of the territory south of this line is still free. It is thought 

 that the scale will probably live and thrive wherever peaches will live and 

 bear some fruit, even though not in a commercial way. The first brood of 

 young scales begins to appear about June 20, and there are probably three or 

 nearly three full broods a year in Ontario, While there are a number of 

 native enemies that attack it in Ontario, up to the present time they have been 

 of but little importance. The scale can be readily controlled by a single spray- 

 ing once a year before the buds have burst in the spring. Badly infested 

 trees should be sprayed twice the first year. A map is given showing the 

 present distribution of the scale in Ontario. 



The oyster-shell scale is said to occur in most of the orchards in every fruit 

 district in Ontario. 



The citricola scale, H. J. Quatle (California 8ta. Bui. 255 {1915), pp. 405- 

 421, figs. 7).-^The citricola scale (Coccus citricola), first described as represent- 

 ing a new species by Campbell in 1914 (E. S. R., 32, p. 57), is one of the most 

 injurious scales attacking citrus trees in California. It not only necessitates 

 the washing of the fruit because of the sooty mold fungus but seriously impairs 

 the vigor of the tree and thereby greatly reduces fruit production. It is stated 

 that in some groves the crop was reduced during the past year to the extent 

 of 50 or 75 per cent as a result of its attack. 



The scale was first found in the vicinity of Claremont in 1909 and at about 

 the same time near Riverside and in certain sections of San Bernardino County. 

 It has been known in the citrus sections of Tulare County for the past three or 

 four years. In the countries south of the Tehachapi the citricola scale is 

 found in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Bernardino. 



A brief account is given of its life history and habits, and a more technical 

 paper is said to be in preparation. The young appear by the last week in April 

 and continue to appear until August. During the summer, fall, and winter, 

 the scales are found on the leaves almost exclusively and grow very slowly. In 

 November and later a few migrate back to the twigs but the greatest migration 

 occurs in March. With the warm weather of spring they rapidly mature and 

 begin to deposit eggs late in April, Thus one full year is usually required for 

 the life cycle. 



While the parasites attacking this scale are common they never occur in 

 large numbers. Those reared from it include Coccophagus flavoscutellum, 

 Aphycus flavus, C. lunulatus, and C. lecanii. The lady beetle Chilocorus 

 Mvulnertis has been observed to feed upon this scale. 



As regards remedial measures it is stated that fumigation between July 15 

 and September 15 is the most satisfactory treatment. When applied later the 

 results of fumigation are less certain. Where fumigation is not feasible spray- 

 ing may be employed. 



The efficiency of fungoid parasites of scale insects (Agr. News [Barhados], 

 14 (1915), No. 337, p. 110). — A brief review of the subject, particularly as 

 relates to the West Indies. 



The poison glands of the larva of the brown-tail moth (Euproctis chrys- 

 orrhoea), Cornelia F. Kephart (Jour. Parasitology, 1 (1914), No. 2, pp. 95-103, 



