ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ^ENTOMOLOGY. 561 



views of Dr. King in ISSl, 1882, and 1883 in vvbioli he presented reasons why 

 malaria would be found to be transmitted by mosquitoes. 



The biology of the North American crane flies (Tipulidae).— Ill, The 

 genus Ula, C. P. Alexander (Jour. Ent. and Zool., 7 {1915), No. 1, pp. 1-9, figs. 

 8). — In continuation of the article previously noted (E. S. K., 32, p. 153) the 

 author deals with the genus Ula and U. elegans. 



Notes on the life history and anatomy of Siphona plusiae, W. Bloeseb 

 (Ann. Ent. Soc. Anicr., 7 {1914), No. 4, pp. 301-S09, figs. iO).— This article re- 

 relates to a tachinid, S. plusia;, described by Coquillet in 1897 as bred from a 

 cutworm, and now found by the author to be a parasitic in the larvai of 

 Phrygamdia californica taken from oak trees at Palo Alta, Cal. 



The house fly (Musca domestica), its structure, habits, development, rela- 

 tion to disease, and control, C. G. Hewitt {Cambridge, England: University 

 Press, 1914, pp. XV -{-882, pis. 3, figs. iW).— This work consists of six parts 

 which deal with the subject as follows: (1) The structure and habits of the 

 house fly (pp. 1-86) ; (2) the breeding habits, life history, and structure of the 

 larvte (pp. 87^150) ; (3) the natural enemies and parasites of the house fly 

 (pp. 151-185) ; (4) other species of flies frequenting houses (pp. 186-217) ; 

 (5) the relation of house flies to disease (pp. 218-516; and (6) control measures 

 (pp. 317-335). 



In the preparation of the work the author endeavored to review the entire 

 literature relating to this insect. It is not intended as a popular treatise on 

 the subject, but primarily for the use of entomologists, medical men, health 

 officers, and those similarly engaged or interested in the subject. A 36-page 

 bibliography is appended and author and subject indexes are included. 



A popular handbook on this subject by the author has been previously noted 

 (E. S. R., 28, p. 560), as have several papers reporting investigations upon 

 which this work is based in part (E. S. R., 24, p. 356; 31, p. 455). 



Observations on the feeding habits of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, 

 C. G. Hewitt (Proc. and Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 3. ser., 8 {1914), Sect. IV, 

 pp. 37-42, pi. 1). — The author deals with this subject under the headings of 

 method of feeding, period of digestion, examination of fecal deposits, and 

 frequency of feeding. 



The author reports that he was unable, except in one ease, to induce the 

 flies selected for the purpose to take their first feed for at least 24 hours, 

 although they were repeatedly placed on the skin. They usually fed readily 

 between 24 and 48 hours after emergence. Records show that the average 

 length of time occupied in feeding, based upon 22 engorgements, was 8.9 minutes 

 when undisturbed. A summary of the results of feeding experiments conducted 

 are presented in tabular form. 



Cherry fruit flies, L. Caesab and G. J. Spencee (Ontario Dept. Agr. Bui. 

 227 (1915), pp. 30, figs. 18). — Two species of cherry fruit flies, namely, Bhagole- 

 tis cingulata and R. fausta, for which the names white-banded cherry fruit fly 

 and black-bodied cherry fruit fly, respectively, are proposed, are said to cause 

 much loss to cherry growers in Ontario. The insects are distributed here and 

 there all over the Niagara district and probably in many of the other cherry 

 districts of the Province. The percentage of wormy cherries in infested or- 

 chards varies from 5 to 99, many otherwise good orchards sometimes being so 

 badly infested that the fruit can not be picked. Varieties like Early Richmond 

 and early sweet cherries are almost exempt from attack, but all later sour 

 and sweet cherries are infested, especially Montmorency and Morello. So far 

 as known no other orchard fruit is subject to injury from the pest. 



The black-bodied cherry fruit fly appears on the trees about a week earlier 

 in the spring than the white-banded cherry fruit fly. In Niagara the former 



